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Modular Pluralism: Pluralistic Alignment via Multi-LLM Collaboration

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arxiv 2406.15951 v2 pith:NE4ZSIX7 submitted 2024-06-22 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords modularpluralismllmscommunityalignmentcommunitiesacrossadding
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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While existing alignment paradigms have been integral in developing large language models (LLMs), LLMs often learn an averaged human preference and struggle to model diverse preferences across cultures, demographics, and communities. We propose Modular Pluralism, a modular framework based on multi-LLM collaboration for pluralistic alignment: it "plugs into" a base LLM a pool of smaller but specialized community LMs, where models collaborate in distinct modes to flexibility support three modes of pluralism: Overton, steerable, and distributional. Modular Pluralism is uniquely compatible with black-box LLMs and offers the modular control of adding new community LMs for previously underrepresented communities. We evaluate Modular Pluralism with six tasks and four datasets featuring questions/instructions with value-laden and perspective-informed responses. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Modular Pluralism advances the three pluralism objectives across six black-box and open-source LLMs. Further analysis reveals that LLMs are generally faithful to the inputs from smaller community LLMs, allowing seamless patching by adding a new community LM to better cover previously underrepresented communities.

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Forward citations

Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 3,736 citations worldwide. Full citation record

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    Across 1,980 five-agent LLM runs on citizen-assembly topics, LLM groups match human procedural talk but show one-third the perspective diversity, weak topic-dependent consistency gains, and reversed convergence dynamics.

  2. PLURAL: A Global Dataset for Value Alignment

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Synthetic preference data generated from the Integrated Values Survey preserves cross-country value differences and enables DPO fine-tuning that improves LLM cultural alignment across five countries.

  3. Personalized RewardBench: Evaluating Reward Models with Human Aligned Personalization

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Personalized RewardBench reveals that state-of-the-art reward models reach only 75.94% accuracy on personalized preferences and shows stronger correlation with downstream BoN and PPO performance than prior benchmarks.

  4. The Pluralistic Moral Gap: Understanding Judgment and Value Differences between Humans and Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs align with human moral judgments only under high consensus, concentrate on a narrow set of moral values, and the profile-based prompting method's reported improvement is evaluated in-sample.

  5. Pairwise Calibrated Rewards for Pluralistic Alignment

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A small ensemble of reward functions can be trained to match pairwise human preference frequencies, offering a practical route to pluralistic AI alignment.

  6. Fair-PP: A Synthetic Dataset for Aligning LLM with Personalized Preferences of Social Equity

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    Fair-PP contributes a synthetic persona-anchored preference dataset for social equity and a reweighted DPO/SFT alignment method that outperforms baselines on LLM-similarity tests.

  7. Evaluating the Prompt Steerability of Large Language Models

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    A formal benchmark with steerability indices shows that six open-weight LLMs are only partially steerable by prompting, with strong baseline skew and directional asymmetry.

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    PPD fine-tunes a single diffusion model to follow per-user preferences by conditioning on VLM-extracted embeddings, reporting 76-81% win rates over Stable Cascade with four examples per user.

  11. Different Bias Under Different Criteria: Assessing Bias in LLMs with a Fact-Based Approach

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    LLM bias scores change depending on whether 'unbiased' means equal treatment across groups or close alignment with US workforce statistics.

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    A survey of multi-LLM systems in edge computing, covering architectures, enabling technologies, trust mechanisms, applications, and open datasets for edge general intelligence.

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    A literature review organizes LLM development into a six-phase software engineering lifecycle and identifies challenges and research directions for each phase.

  14. Whispers of Many Shores: Cultural Alignment through Collaborative Cultural Expertise

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  15. OpenReview Should be Protected and Leveraged as a Community Asset for Research in the Era of Large Language Models

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