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Ramanujan Property and Edge Universality of Random Regular Graphs

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arxiv 2412.20263 v2 pith:NF7EK7RP submitted 2024-12-28 math.PR math-phmath.COmath.MPmath.SP

Ramanujan Property and Edge Universality of Random Regular Graphs

classification math.PR math-phmath.COmath.MPmath.SP
keywords lambdaeigenvaluesregularedgegraphsrandomboundedfluctuations
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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abstract

We consider the normalized adjacency matrix of a random $d$-regular graph on $N$ vertices with any fixed degree $d\geq 3$ and denote its eigenvalues as $\lambda_1=d/\sqrt{d-1}\geq \lambda_2\geq\lambda_3\cdots\geq \lambda_N$. We establish the following two results as $N\rightarrow \infty$. (i) With high probability, all eigenvalues are optimally rigid, up to an additional $N^{{\rm o}(1)}$ factor. Specifically, the fluctuations of bulk eigenvalues are bounded by $N^{-1+{\rm o}(1)}$, and the fluctuations of edge eigenvalues are bounded by $N^{-2/3+{\rm o}(1)}$. (ii) Edge universality holds for random $d$-regular graphs. That is, the distributions of $\lambda_2$ and $-\lambda_N$ converge to the Tracy-Widom$_1$ distribution associated with the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. As a consequence, for sufficiently large $N$, approximately $69\%$ of $d$-regular graphs on $N$ vertices are Ramanujan, meaning $\max\{\lambda_2,|\lambda_N|\}\leq 2$.

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Cited by 11 Pith papers

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