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The Red Supergiant Problem: As Seen from the Local Group's Red Supergiant Populations

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arxiv 2412.04386 v1 pith:NXAQ3LU6 submitted 2024-12-05 astro-ph.SR

classification astro-ph.SR
keywords pre-imagedproblemprogenitorsluminosityrsgssupergiantdistributionfind
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The red supergiant (RSG) problem, which describes the apparent lack of high-luminosity progenitors detected in Type II supernova (SN) pre-images, has been a contentious topic for two decades. We re-assess this problem using a new RSG population of the Milky Way supplemented with RSGs from other galaxies in the Local Group. In particular, we quantify the uncertainties inherent to assumptions made regarding the star's temperature or spectral type and the corresponding bolometric correction. We find that only M3 or later RSGs reproduce the steepness seen from the SN II pre-imaged sample. To assess the significance of the RSG problem, we build a metallicity-weighted cumulative luminosity distribution of M3 or later RSGs and directly compare it to the luminosity distribution of SN II pre-imaged progenitors. We find no evidence of missing high-luminosity pre-imaged progenitors since the uncertainties on the pre-imaged SN progenitors and single-band derived luminosity are too large to meaningfully infer population differences.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The failed failed-supernova scenario of M31-2014-DS1

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    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

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  3. Progenitor Insights of Type IIP SN 2018pq: A Comprehensive Photometric and Spectroscopic Study

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    SN 2018pq is a normal-luminosity Type IIP supernova with a 97-day plateau, a 56Ni mass of 0.029 solar masses, and a red supergiant progenitor mass estimated at about 11 solar masses analytically and 14 to 16 solar mas...

  4. Red Supergiant Mass Loss and Mass-Loss Rates

    astro-ph.SR 2025-07 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A synthesis review concluding that red supergiant mass loss is gravity-driven, metallicity-independent in rate, and bimodal, with low-mass stars keeping their mantles to core collapse and massive stars shedding them t...

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