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NANOGrav spectral index $\gamma=3$ from melting domain walls

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arxiv 2307.04582 v2 pith:NYYZ6PDH submitted 2023-07-10 hep-ph astro-ph.COhep-th

classification hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th
keywords domainmeltingnanogravspectralwallsdarkdatadiscuss
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We discuss cosmic domain walls described by a tension red-shifting with the expansion of the Universe. These melting domain walls emit gravitational waves with the low-frequency spectral shape $\Omega_{gw}\propto f^{2}$ corresponding to the spectral index $\gamma=3$ favoured by the recent NANOGrav 15 yrs data. We discuss a concrete high-energy physics scenario leading to such a melting domain wall network in the early Universe. This scenario involves a feebly coupled scalar field, which can serve as a promising dark matter candidate. We identify parameters of the model matching the gravitational wave characteristics observed in the NANOGrav data. The dark matter mass is pushed to the ultra-light range below $10^{-11}-10^{-12}\,\text{eV}$ which is accessible through planned observations thanks to the effects of superradiance of rotating black holes.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Domain walls through different cosmologies

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 accept novelty 6.5 of 10

    Domain-wall network area scales as S ≈ 2ξV/τ with ξ≈1.2 across cosmologies from dust to near-Minkowski, so the particle horizon—not H⁻¹—sets the correlation length and GW peak.

  2. LISA Reconstruction Landscape for Metastable Cosmic Strings

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LISA can reconstruct metastable cosmic-string tension and lifetime when it samples the tail-to-plateau transition, with residual κ_CS sensitivity possible even in high-SNR plateau-like spectra.

  3. From new physics to a running power law and back again: Minimal refitting techniques for the reconstruction of the gravitational-wave background signal in pulsar timing array data

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new refitting technique maps any gravitational-wave background spectrum onto a running-power-law reference model via sensitivity-weighted chi-squared minimization, and uses the pullback of the reference posterior to...

  4. NANOGrav 15-year gravitational-wave signals from binary supermassive black-holes seeded by primordial black holes, and implications for the origins of Little Red Dots

    astro-ph.CO 2025-11 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A PBH abundance of 10^-14–10^-12 of CDM, with seed masses 1–10^3 M_sun, is fitted to the NANOGrav 15-year background via SMBH mergers, consistent with 21-cm limits.

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