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Q-balls in polynomial potentials

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arxiv 2211.00021 v2 pith:OFB43S2A submitted 2022-10-31 hep-ph hep-th

Julian Heeck , Mikheil Sokhashvili This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phhep-th
keywords q-ballspolynomialpotentialschargehereadditionalanalyticalapproximations
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abstract

Bosons carrying a conserved charge can form stable bound states if their Lagrangian contains attractive self-interactions. Bound-state configurations with a large charge $Q$ can be described classically and are denoted as Q-balls, their properties encoded in a non-linear differential equation. Here, we study Q-balls in arbitrary polynomial single-scalar-field potentials both numerically and via various analytical approximations. We highlight some surprising universal features of Q-balls that barely depend on the details of the potential. The polynomial potentials studied here can be realized in renormalizable models involving additional heavy or light scalars, as we illustrate with several examples.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Hydrodynamic properties in soliton field theory

    hep-th 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Soliton formation in complex scalar field theory is framed as sound-mode-induced phase separation, and cylindrical Q-strings are shown to suffer a Rayleigh-Plateau membrane instability that breaks them into spheres.

  2. Hydrodynamic and Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities of Q-strings

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Cylindrical Q-strings are linearly unstable to long-wavelength axial perturbations, with a threshold that matches the Rayleigh-Plateau instability λc=2πR for thin-wall solitons.

  3. Can Q-balls describe cosmological and galactic dark matter?

    hep-th 2025-02 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Q-balls made of a millicharged complex scalar field are proposed as a single dark matter candidate that behaves as CDM on cosmological scales and produces MOND-like galactic dynamics through a superfluid phase.

  4. Can dark-matter Q-balls grow to the mass gap masses?

    astro-ph.CO 2024-12 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Dark-matter Q-balls in the simplest Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model can grow to solar masses near galactic centers, but their final radii are about a solar-system wide, so they cannot explain LIGO/Virgo mass-gap events.

  5. Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons

    hep-th 2024-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

    A comprehensive review of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) and quasi-solitons (oscillons), their properties, dynamics, and roles in early-universe physics.

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