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Can Subnetwork Structure be the Key to Out-of-Distribution Generalization?

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arxiv 2106.02890 v1 pith:OIORW33X submitted 2021-06-05 cs.LG stat.ML

classification cs.LGstat.ML
keywords subnetworkfunctionalgeneralizationstructurebiasedcorrelationdemonstratemethod
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Can models with particular structure avoid being biased towards spurious correlation in out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization? Peters et al. (2016) provides a positive answer for linear cases. In this paper, we use a functional modular probing method to analyze deep model structures under OOD setting. We demonstrate that even in biased models (which focus on spurious correlation) there still exist unbiased functional subnetworks. Furthermore, we articulate and demonstrate the functional lottery ticket hypothesis: full network contains a subnetwork that can achieve better OOD performance. We then propose Modular Risk Minimization to solve the subnetwork selection problem. Our algorithm learns the subnetwork structure from a given dataset, and can be combined with any other OOD regularization methods. Experiments on various OOD generalization tasks corroborate the effectiveness of our method.

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    SPD uses stochastic masking and a learned causal importance function to decompose neural network parameters into sparsely active rank-one subcomponents, recovering ground-truth mechanisms in toy models where APD struggled.

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