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Open-LLM-Leaderboard: From Multi-choice to Open-style Questions for LLMs Evaluation, Benchmark, and Arena

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arxiv 2406.07545 v1 pith:OYCRJRJM submitted 2024-06-11 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords llmsopen-stylequestionsopen-llm-leaderboardanswerbenchmarkbiaschoice
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) are frequently used to assess large language models (LLMs). Typically, an LLM is given a question and selects the answer deemed most probable after adjustments for factors like length. Unfortunately, LLMs may inherently favor certain answer choice IDs, such as A/B/C/D, due to inherent biases of priori unbalanced probabilities, influencing the prediction of answers based on these IDs. Previous research has introduced methods to reduce this ''selection bias'' by simply permutating options on a few test samples and applying to new ones. Another problem of MCQ is the lottery ticket choice by ''random guessing''. The LLM does not learn particular knowledge, but the option is guessed correctly. This situation is especially serious for those small-scale LLMs. To address them, a more thorough approach involves shifting from MCQ to open-style questions, which can fundamentally eliminate selection bias and random guessing issues. However, transitioning causes its own set of challenges in (1) identifying suitable open-style questions and (2) validating the correctness of LLM open-style responses against human-annotated ground-truths. This work aims to tackle these significant difficulties, and establish a new LLM evaluation benchmark through entirely open-style questions. Consequently, we introduce the Open-LLM-Leaderboard to track various LLMs' performance and reflect true capability of them, such as GPT-4o/4/3.5, Claude 3, Gemini, etc. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/VILA-Lab/Open-LLM-Leaderboard.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    Map-reduce scaffolding degrades measured safety mainly by stripping multiple-choice options (40–89% of the loss is format conversion); scaffold architecture explains only 0.4% of variance and composite safety scores h...

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    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs align more closely with human ratings on affective and cognitive word norms than on sensory-perceptual norms, suggesting a gap tied to embodied experience.

  5. KNIGHT: Knowledge Graph-Driven Multiple-Choice Question Generation with Adaptive Hardness Calibration

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