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Real Scalar Dark Matter: Relativistic Treatment

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arxiv 1906.07659 v2 pith:PQ7XHXQF submitted 2019-06-18 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Real Scalar Dark Matter: Relativistic Treatment

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords darkmatterrelativisticscalaranalysischemicalmodelperform
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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A stable real scalar provides one of the simplest possibilities to account for dark matter. We consider the regime where its coupling to the Standard Model fields is negligibly small. Due to self-coupling, the scalar field can reach thermal or at least kinetic equilibrium, in which case the system is characterized by its temperature and effective chemical potential. We perform a fully relativistic analysis of dark matter evolution, thermalization conditions and different freeze-out regimes, including the chemical potential effects. To this end, we derive a relativistic Bose-Einstein analog of the Gelmini-Gondolo formula for a thermal averaged cross section. Finally, we perform a comprehensive parameter space analysis to determine regions consistent with observational constraints. Dark matter can be both warm and cold in this model.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Searching for UFOs from the early universe: direct detection prospects for relativistically decoupling dark matter

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Ultrarelativistically decoupling dark matter in Z' portal models has direct detection cross sections that existing experiments like LZ and XENONnT have already excluded over large regions, leaving testable space above...

  2. Gravitational scalar production with a generic reheating scenario

    hep-ph 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.