Tunneling spectra of $\mathrm{TaO}_x$ junctions for van der Waals superconductors

Chenglong Li; Jun Cheng; Meining Zhang; Peng Cai; Shang Wang; Shiji Ding; Yixuan Niu; Zhongxin Guo

arxiv: 2605.21631 · v1 · pith:PVEGPKNDnew · submitted 2026-05-20 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.mtrl-sci· cond-mat.str-el

Tunneling spectra of TaO_x junctions for van der Waals superconductors

Yixuan Niu , Jun Cheng , Shiji Ding , Zhongxin Guo , Shang Wang , Chenglong Li , Meining Zhang , Peng Cai This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 08:38 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el

keywords tunneling spectroscopyplanar junctionsvan der Waals superconductorsBi2212TaOx barrierelectronic structuremagnetron sputteringsuperconducting gap

0 comments

The pith

Magnetron-sputtered TaOx junctions on Bi2212 reproduce clean UHV scanning tunneling spectra while supporting wide temperature and field sweeps.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows how a planar TaOx tunneling junction made by magnetron sputtering on the van der Waals superconductor Bi2212 produces high-quality spectra. These spectra match the electronic features measured by scanning tunneling microscopy on atomically clean surfaces in ultra-high vacuum. The setup allows precise data collection over broad temperature and magnetic field ranges without the need for complex vacuum equipment, opening a route to study electronic structures in many two-dimensional materials.

Core claim

The TaOx-based planar tunneling junction fabricated by magnetron sputtering on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ reproduces the electronic signatures obtained from scanning tunneling spectra acquired from atomically clean surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions and supports high-precision spectroscopy across extensive temperature and magnetic field ranges.

What carries the argument

The TaOx tunneling barrier formed by magnetron sputtering, which functions as the insulating layer that enables planar tunneling into the van der Waals superconductor.

If this is right

Tunneling spectra become available in a planar geometry that does not require ultra-high vacuum conditions.
Evolution of electronic features can be tracked continuously across wide temperature and magnetic field ranges.
The same junction approach can be applied to other van der Waals superconductors and two-dimensional systems.
Electronic structure studies of quantum materials become feasible in standard laboratory setups.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The method could be tested on non-superconducting layered materials to check its broader applicability beyond the Bi2212 benchmark.
Integration with other in-situ measurements on the same device might reveal how tunneling spectra relate to transport properties.
Adjusting sputtering conditions offers a practical way to minimize any remaining interface effects in follow-up work.

Load-bearing premise

The TaOx layer creates a clean tunneling barrier that faithfully transmits the superconductor's intrinsic electronic structure without adding significant interface disorder or artifacts.

What would settle it

If tunneling spectra from the TaOx junction on Bi2212 display broadened coherence peaks or extra features absent from UHV STM data on the same material, the claim of faithful reproduction would fail.

read the original abstract

Tunneling spectroscopy and its evolution are crucial for elucidating the intricate electronic structure and emergent phenomena in quantum materials.Nevertheless, high-quality measurements -- specifically those tracking evolution across temperature and external fields -- remain a formidable challenge. We have fabricated a high-quality $\mathrm{TaO}_x$-based planar tunneling junction by using magnetron sputtering for van der Waals (vdW) superconductors. Using the vdW superconductor $\mathrm{Bi}_2\mathrm{Sr}_2\mathrm{CaCu}_2\mathrm{O}_{8+\delta}$ (Bi2212) as a benchmark, this platform yields high-quality tunneling spectra, reproducing the electronic signatures obtained from scanning tunneling spectra acquired from atomically clean surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. This architecture enables high-precision spectroscopy across extensive temperature and magnetic field ranges, offering a universal strategy for probing the electronic structures of diverse two-dimensional systems and facilitating future explorations of material properties.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

TaOx sputtered junctions match STM on Bi2212 but need interface checks to confirm no damage from fabrication.

read the letter

The main thing here is that the authors have developed a TaOx planar tunneling junction using magnetron sputtering for van der Waals superconductors. Benchmarked on Bi2212, it produces tunneling spectra that match those from ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy on clean surfaces, while allowing access to broader temperature and magnetic field ranges. They handle the benchmarking part effectively by directly comparing to established STM results. This comparison is what gives the work its credibility as a practical alternative. The approach builds on existing planar junction methods but applies them in a way that targets the challenges specific to these materials, such as the need for measurements under varying external conditions. The potential weak point is the assumption that the sputtered TaOx barrier leaves the superconductor surface intact. Sputtering processes can introduce damage through ion bombardment or chemical interactions, possibly leading to oxygen loss or disorder in the topmost layers of Bi2212. The paper would be stronger with explicit evidence, such as interface imaging or spectroscopic checks, showing no significant alteration to the electronic structure beyond what STM sees. If those are present, the concern is minor; if not, it undercuts the claim of a faithful reproduction. This kind of paper is for experimental researchers in condensed matter physics who study two-dimensional superconductors and need reliable tunneling data. It offers a route that might be easier to implement in some labs compared to maintaining STM capabilities for wide parameter sweeps. The authors show clear thinking about the experimental needs in this area and engage with prior work on tunneling techniques. It deserves a serious referee to evaluate the data quality and fabrication reproducibility. I recommend putting it through peer review.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the fabrication of planar TaOx tunneling junctions via magnetron sputtering on the van der Waals superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212). Using this architecture as a benchmark, the authors present tunneling spectra that reproduce the electronic signatures (including superconducting gap features) obtained from UHV STM on atomically clean surfaces. The platform is claimed to enable high-precision measurements over wide temperature and magnetic field ranges and is positioned as a universal strategy for probing diverse 2D systems.

Significance. If the central reproduction claim holds with quantitative fidelity, the work would provide a practical, non-UHV alternative for tunneling spectroscopy on vdW materials, facilitating temperature- and field-dependent studies that are difficult in STM. The Bi2212 benchmark is a reasonable choice for validation. No machine-checked proofs or parameter-free derivations are present, as this is an experimental fabrication and benchmarking study.

major comments (2)

[Results and Discussion] The manuscript provides no cross-sectional TEM, XPS depth profiling, or control experiments on deliberately damaged Bi2212 samples to confirm that magnetron sputtering does not introduce oxygen vacancies, intermixing, or amorphization in the top CuO2 planes. This directly bears on the claim that the observed spectra faithfully reproduce the intrinsic DOS without interface artifacts (see the weakest assumption in the stress-test note and the abstract's reproduction statement).
[Figure 2 (or equivalent spectra comparison)] Quantitative comparison metrics between the TaOx junction spectra and UHV STM data (e.g., gap magnitude with error bars, coherence peak sharpness, or background slope) are not reported, nor are statistics across multiple junctions or devices. This weakens the assertion of high-quality reproduction and universality.

minor comments (2)

[Abstract] The abstract states that the platform enables spectroscopy 'across extensive temperature and magnetic field ranges' but does not specify the actual achieved ranges or stability limits in the main text.
[Title and Abstract] Notation for the barrier (TaOx vs. TaO_x) is inconsistent between title and abstract; standardize throughout.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major point below and indicate where revisions will be made to improve clarity and rigor.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Results and Discussion] The manuscript provides no cross-sectional TEM, XPS depth profiling, or control experiments on deliberately damaged Bi2212 samples to confirm that magnetron sputtering does not introduce oxygen vacancies, intermixing, or amorphization in the top CuO2 planes. This directly bears on the claim that the observed spectra faithfully reproduce the intrinsic DOS without interface artifacts (see the weakest assumption in the stress-test note and the abstract's reproduction statement).

Authors: We agree that direct interface characterization would strengthen the claims. Cross-sectional TEM, XPS depth profiling, and deliberate damage controls were not performed in this study. The principal support for minimal interface artifacts remains the quantitative resemblance of the TaOx junction spectra to published UHV STM data on freshly cleaved Bi2212, particularly the gap magnitude, coherence-peak height, and overall line shape. We will revise the Results and Discussion sections to state this assumption explicitly, to note the absence of direct structural probes, and to identify such measurements as a priority for follow-up work. No new experimental data will be added at this stage. revision: partial
Referee: [Figure 2 (or equivalent spectra comparison)] Quantitative comparison metrics between the TaOx junction spectra and UHV STM data (e.g., gap magnitude with error bars, coherence peak sharpness, or background slope) are not reported, nor are statistics across multiple junctions or devices. This weakens the assertion of high-quality reproduction and universality.

Authors: We accept that explicit quantitative metrics and device statistics would make the comparison more rigorous. In the revised manuscript we will extract and report the superconducting gap values with standard deviations from multiple junctions, quantify coherence-peak sharpness (e.g., peak-to-background ratio), and include a brief statistical summary of background slopes. These additions will appear in the text, in a revised Figure 2 caption, and in a new supplementary table. revision: yes

standing simulated objections not resolved

Direct cross-sectional TEM or XPS depth-profiling data confirming the absence of sputtering-induced damage to the Bi2212 surface, as these experiments were not conducted in the original work.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental fabrication and benchmarking with external STM comparison

full rationale

The paper is a purely experimental report on fabricating TaOx planar tunneling junctions on Bi2212 and benchmarking the resulting spectra against published UHV STM data from atomically clean surfaces. No derivations, equations, fitted parameters, predictions, or self-referential claims appear in the abstract or described content. The central claim rests on direct experimental comparison to independent external measurements rather than any internal reduction or self-citation chain. This is the standard case of a self-contained experimental methods paper with no load-bearing theoretical steps to inspect for circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is an experimental device-fabrication paper. No mathematical derivations, fitted constants, or new theoretical entities are introduced. The work rests on standard experimental assumptions in tunneling spectroscopy.

axioms (1)

domain assumption The tunneling current through the TaOx barrier is dominated by the density of states of the vdW superconductor with negligible scattering or barrier-specific contributions.
Standard assumption invoked when claiming faithful reproduction of intrinsic electronic signatures from STM.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5716 in / 1294 out tokens · 66221 ms · 2026-05-22T08:38:17.914153+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/RealityFromDistinction.lean reality_from_one_distinction unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

We have fabricated a high-quality TaOx-based planar tunneling junction by using magnetron sputtering for van der Waals (vdW) superconductors... reproducing the electronic signatures obtained from scanning tunneling spectra
IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

The V-shaped gap structure with symmetric coherent peak... superconducting coherence peaks of Bi2212 appear at ±47 meV

What do these tags mean?

matches: The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses: The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear: Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

26 extracted references · 26 canonical work pages

[1]

Keimer, S

B. Keimer, S. A. Kivelson, M. R. Norman, et al. From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides. Nature 518, 179–186 (2015)

work page 2015
[2]

Fischer, M

Ø. Fischer, M. Kugler, I. Maggio -Aprile, et al. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of high -temperature superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 353–419 (2007)

work page 2007
[3]

P. Cai, X. Zhou, W. Ruan, et al. Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs. Nat. Commun. 4, 1596 (2013)

work page 2013
[4]

X. D. Zhou, P. Cai, A. F. Wang, W. Ruan, C. Ye, X. H. Chen, Y . Z. You, Z. Y . Weng, Y . Y . Wang. Evolution from unconventional spin density wave to superconductivity and a novel gap-like phase in NaFe1−xCoxAs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 037002 (2012)

work page 2012
[5]

I. Giaever. Energy Gap in Superconductors Measured by Electron Tunneling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 147–148 (1960)

work page 1960
[6]

Maeda, Y

H. Maeda, Y . Tanaka, M. Fukutomi, T. Asano. A New High -Tc Oxide Superconductor without a Rare Earth Element. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27, L209–L212 (1988)

work page 1988
[7]

Okano, K

M. Okano, K. Kajimura, S. Wakiyama, F. Sakai. Vibration isolation for scanning tunneling microscopy. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 3366–3370 (1987)

work page 1987
[8]

Y . Ji, H. Wang, Z. Dong, et al. Planar tunneling spectroscopy on van der Waals superconductors with AlO x junction grown by atomic layer deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 133, 013903 (2023)

work page 2023
[9]

Miyakawa, P

N. Miyakawa, P. Guptasarma, J. F. Zasadzinski, et al. Strong dependence of the superconducting gap on oxygen doping from tunneling measurements on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1 (1998)

work page 1998
[10]

Distinction between critical current effects and intrinsic anomalies in the point - contact Andreev reflection spectra of unconventional superconductors

Ge He, Zhong -Xu Wei, et al. Distinction between critical current effects and intrinsic anomalies in the point - contact Andreev reflection spectra of unconventional superconductors. Chin. Phys. B 27, 047403 (2018)

work page 2018
[11]

Jansen and J

R. Jansen and J. S. Moodera. Influence of barrier impurities on the magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 83, 6682 (1998)

work page 1998
[12]

Allen, R

D. Allen, R. Schad, G. Zangari, I. Zana, M. Tondra, D. Wang, and D. Reed . Comparison of defect density measurements in magnetic tunnel junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 89, 6662 (2001)

work page 2001
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Richter, H

C. Richter, H. Boschker, W. Dietsche, et al. Interface superconductor with gap behaviour like a high-temperature superconductor. Nature 502, 528–531 (2013)

work page 2013
[14]

P. Zhou, L. Chen, I. Sochnikov, et al. Tunneling spectroscopy of c-axis epitaxial cuprate junctions. Phys. Rev. B 101, 224512 (2020)

work page 2020
[15]

Rottländer, M

P. Rottländer, M. Hehn, O. Lenoble, et al. Tantalum oxide as an alternative low height tunnel barrier in magnetic junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3274 (2001)

work page 2001
[16]

Yuasa, T

S. Yuasa, T. Nagahama, A. Fukushima, et al. Giant room -temperature magnetoresistance in single -crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Mater. 3, 868–871 (2004)

work page 2004
[17]

I. Giaever. Electron Tunneling Between Two Superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 464–466 (1960)

work page 1960
[18]

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V . Morozov, et al. Two -dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10451–10453 (2005)

work page 2005
[19]

Castellanos-Gomez, M

A. Castellanos-Gomez, M. Buscema, R. Molenaar, et al. Deterministic transfer of two dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping. 2D Mater. 1, 011002 (2014)

work page 2014
[20]

J. Bardeen. Tunnelling from a Many-Particle Point of View. Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 57–59 (1961)

work page 1961
[21]

Renner, O

C. Renner, O. Fischer. Vacuum tunneling spectroscopy and asymmetric density of states of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. B 51, 9208–9211 (1995)

work page 1995
[22]

Matsuda, S

A. Matsuda, S. Satoshi, et al. Temperature and doping dependence of the Bi 2.1Sr1.9CaCu2O8+δ pseudogap and superconducting gap. Phys. Rev. B 60, 1377 (1999)

work page 1999
[23]

Z. X. Shen, D. S. Dessau, B. O. Wells, et al. Anomalously large gap anisotropy in the a -b plane of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1553–1556 (1993)

work page 1993
[24]

S. H. Pan, E. W. Hudson, A. K. Gupta, et al. STM studies of the electronic structure of vortex cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1536 (2000)

work page 2000
[25]

Y . He, Y . Yin, M. Zech, A. Soumyanarayanan, M. M. Yee, T. Williams, et al. Fermi Surface and Pseudogap Evolution in a Cuprate Superconductor. Science 344, 608–611 (2014)

work page 2014
[26]

L. G. Pimenta Martins, R. Comin, M. J. S. Matos, et al. High -pressure studies of atomically thin van der Waals materials. Appl. Phys. Rev. 10, 011313 (2023). substrate Au Ta TaOx flake (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) flake substrate Au Ta TaOx/Ta I V Sample Insulator Metal Fig.1 mask -100 -50 0 50 100 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2dI/dV (mS) Bias (mV) 1.5K 10K 20K 40K 60K 88K ...

work page 2023

[1] [1]

Keimer, S

B. Keimer, S. A. Kivelson, M. R. Norman, et al. From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides. Nature 518, 179–186 (2015)

work page 2015

[2] [2]

Fischer, M

Ø. Fischer, M. Kugler, I. Maggio -Aprile, et al. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of high -temperature superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 353–419 (2007)

work page 2007

[3] [3]

P. Cai, X. Zhou, W. Ruan, et al. Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs. Nat. Commun. 4, 1596 (2013)

work page 2013

[4] [4]

X. D. Zhou, P. Cai, A. F. Wang, W. Ruan, C. Ye, X. H. Chen, Y . Z. You, Z. Y . Weng, Y . Y . Wang. Evolution from unconventional spin density wave to superconductivity and a novel gap-like phase in NaFe1−xCoxAs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 037002 (2012)

work page 2012

[5] [5]

I. Giaever. Energy Gap in Superconductors Measured by Electron Tunneling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 147–148 (1960)

work page 1960

[6] [6]

Maeda, Y

H. Maeda, Y . Tanaka, M. Fukutomi, T. Asano. A New High -Tc Oxide Superconductor without a Rare Earth Element. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27, L209–L212 (1988)

work page 1988

[7] [7]

Okano, K

M. Okano, K. Kajimura, S. Wakiyama, F. Sakai. Vibration isolation for scanning tunneling microscopy. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 3366–3370 (1987)

work page 1987

[8] [8]

Y . Ji, H. Wang, Z. Dong, et al. Planar tunneling spectroscopy on van der Waals superconductors with AlO x junction grown by atomic layer deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 133, 013903 (2023)

work page 2023

[9] [9]

Miyakawa, P

N. Miyakawa, P. Guptasarma, J. F. Zasadzinski, et al. Strong dependence of the superconducting gap on oxygen doping from tunneling measurements on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1 (1998)

work page 1998

[10] [10]

Distinction between critical current effects and intrinsic anomalies in the point - contact Andreev reflection spectra of unconventional superconductors

Ge He, Zhong -Xu Wei, et al. Distinction between critical current effects and intrinsic anomalies in the point - contact Andreev reflection spectra of unconventional superconductors. Chin. Phys. B 27, 047403 (2018)

work page 2018

[11] [11]

Jansen and J

R. Jansen and J. S. Moodera. Influence of barrier impurities on the magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 83, 6682 (1998)

work page 1998

[12] [12]

Allen, R

D. Allen, R. Schad, G. Zangari, I. Zana, M. Tondra, D. Wang, and D. Reed . Comparison of defect density measurements in magnetic tunnel junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 89, 6662 (2001)

work page 2001

[13] [13]

Richter, H

C. Richter, H. Boschker, W. Dietsche, et al. Interface superconductor with gap behaviour like a high-temperature superconductor. Nature 502, 528–531 (2013)

work page 2013

[14] [14]

P. Zhou, L. Chen, I. Sochnikov, et al. Tunneling spectroscopy of c-axis epitaxial cuprate junctions. Phys. Rev. B 101, 224512 (2020)

work page 2020

[15] [15]

Rottländer, M

P. Rottländer, M. Hehn, O. Lenoble, et al. Tantalum oxide as an alternative low height tunnel barrier in magnetic junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3274 (2001)

work page 2001

[16] [16]

Yuasa, T

S. Yuasa, T. Nagahama, A. Fukushima, et al. Giant room -temperature magnetoresistance in single -crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Mater. 3, 868–871 (2004)

work page 2004

[17] [17]

I. Giaever. Electron Tunneling Between Two Superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 464–466 (1960)

work page 1960

[18] [18]

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V . Morozov, et al. Two -dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10451–10453 (2005)

work page 2005

[19] [19]

Castellanos-Gomez, M

A. Castellanos-Gomez, M. Buscema, R. Molenaar, et al. Deterministic transfer of two dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping. 2D Mater. 1, 011002 (2014)

work page 2014

[20] [20]

J. Bardeen. Tunnelling from a Many-Particle Point of View. Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 57–59 (1961)

work page 1961

[21] [21]

Renner, O

C. Renner, O. Fischer. Vacuum tunneling spectroscopy and asymmetric density of states of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. B 51, 9208–9211 (1995)

work page 1995

[22] [22]

Matsuda, S

A. Matsuda, S. Satoshi, et al. Temperature and doping dependence of the Bi 2.1Sr1.9CaCu2O8+δ pseudogap and superconducting gap. Phys. Rev. B 60, 1377 (1999)

work page 1999

[23] [23]

Z. X. Shen, D. S. Dessau, B. O. Wells, et al. Anomalously large gap anisotropy in the a -b plane of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1553–1556 (1993)

work page 1993

[24] [24]

S. H. Pan, E. W. Hudson, A. K. Gupta, et al. STM studies of the electronic structure of vortex cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1536 (2000)

work page 2000

[25] [25]

Y . He, Y . Yin, M. Zech, A. Soumyanarayanan, M. M. Yee, T. Williams, et al. Fermi Surface and Pseudogap Evolution in a Cuprate Superconductor. Science 344, 608–611 (2014)

work page 2014

[26] [26]

L. G. Pimenta Martins, R. Comin, M. J. S. Matos, et al. High -pressure studies of atomically thin van der Waals materials. Appl. Phys. Rev. 10, 011313 (2023). substrate Au Ta TaOx flake (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) flake substrate Au Ta TaOx/Ta I V Sample Insulator Metal Fig.1 mask -100 -50 0 50 100 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2dI/dV (mS) Bias (mV) 1.5K 10K 20K 40K 60K 88K ...

work page 2023