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Primordial Black Holes from the QCD axion

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arxiv 1807.01707 v2 pith:QIVLPJFS submitted 2018-07-04 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords axionblackholesinflationomegapbhsprimordialtext
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We propose a mechanism to generate Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) which is independent of cosmological inflation and occurs slightly below the QCD phase transition. Our setup relies on the collapse of long-lived string-domain wall networks and is naturally realized in QCD axion models with domain wall number $N_{DW}>1$ and Peccei-Quinn symmetry broken after inflation. In our framework, dark matter is mostly composed of axions in the meV mass range along with a small fraction, $\Omega_{\text{PBH}} \gtrsim 10^{-6} \Omega_{\text{CDM}} $ of heavy $M \sim 10^4-10^7 M_\odot$ PBHs. The latter could play a role in alleviating some of the shortcomings of the $\Lambda$CDM model on sub-galactic scales. The scenario has distinct signatures in ongoing axion searches as well as gravitational wave observatories.

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Forward citations

Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Outcomes of Grand Unified Symmetry Breaking

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Numerical SU(3) simulations find biased domain walls both absorb and produce magnetic monopoles, so wall collapse can leave residual monopoles and may source GWs or magnetically charged black holes.

  2. Are Primordial Black Holes a Natural Dark Matter Candidate?

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.

  3. Cuspidal Singularities in Collapsing Domain Walls

    hep-th 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Collapsing domain walls generically form cuspidal edge and vertex singularities captured by Nambu-Goto and eikonal approximations and reproduced in field theory simulations.

  4. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  5. Biased Domain Wall Networks and their Gravitational Waves

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Population-biased domain wall networks annihilate at T_ann ~ T_s B_s^0.8 and emit a single-broken-power-law gravitational-wave spectrum peaking near twice the Hubble scale.

  6. PBHs and GWs from Scaling Monopoles

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Scaling monopoles generate PBHs via stochastic overdensities and GWs with correlated spectra, potentially with magnetically charged PBHs as a signature if the scaling ends via gauge boson mass.

  7. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from first-order phase transitions and domain wall annihilation induce curvature fluctuations at second order that form primordial black holes, allowing asteroid-mass PBHs to comprise all dark mat...

  8. Baryogenesis via Asymmetric Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Evaporating primordial black holes, biased by a new gravitational interaction, can reproduce the observed baryon asymmetry once entropy dilution and chemical-potential-dependent emission are included.

  9. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

  10. Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    3D simulations of cosmological first-order phase transitions find density perturbation spectra with k^3 and k^{-1.5} slopes and GW spectra with k^3 and k^{-2}, confirming slow transitions can produce PBHs.

  11. Domain walls and magnetic monopoles in Grand Unified Models

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    In an SU(3) non-Abelian gauge theory, magnetic monopole number density is suppressed for small bias parameter ε of domain walls, allowing few monopoles to survive.

  12. Axions at the meV Crossroads: Theory, Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Experiments

    hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

    The meV axion window is presented as a coherent, cross-validated search program in which string theory, stellar cooling, dark matter, and new detector concepts converge on the same mass range.

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