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What can be measured asymptotically?
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We consider asymptotic observables in quantum field theories in which the S-matrix makes sense. We argue that in addition to scattering amplitudes, a whole compendium of inclusive observables exists where the time-ordering is relaxed. These include expectation values of electromagnetic or gravitational radiation fields as well as out-of-time-order amplitudes. We explain how to calculate them in two ways: by relating them to amplitudes and products of amplitudes, and by using a generalization of the LSZ reduction formula. As an application, we discuss one-loop master integrals contributing to gravitational radiation in the post-Minkowski expansion, emphasizing the role of classical cut contributions and highlighting the different infrared physics of in-in observables.
Forward citations
Cited by 16 Pith papers
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Classical worldlines from scattering amplitudes
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Memory effect from the scattering of Taub-NUT black holes
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Conservative Black Hole Scattering at Fifth Post-Minkowskian and Second Self-Force Order
The conservative black-hole scattering angle at fifth post-Minkowskian and second self-force order is computed in terms of K3 periods, but contains a coefficient fixed only by an ad hoc 'γ-3' prescription.
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Nonlinear Gravitational Memory in the Post-Minkowskian Expansion
Exact-in-velocity formulas for the O(G^3) nonlinear gravitational memory multipoles from two-body scattering, derived with scattering amplitudes and reverse unitarity, and matched to post-Newtonian results.
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Gravitational Bremsstrahlung in Black-Hole Scattering at $\mathcal{O}(G^3)$: Quadratic-in-Spin Effects
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Higher-Dimensional Black Holes and Effective Field Theory
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"Waveforms" at the Horizon
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Imprint of the black hole interior on thermal four-point correlators
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Records from the S-Matrix Marathon: Gravitational Physics from Scattering Amplitudes
A set of lecture notes explaining how classical gravitational observables emerge from the classical limit of scattering amplitudes, with applications to black hole physics and the three-body problem.
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