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Analyzing the Inherent Response Tendency of LLMs: Real-World Instructions-Driven Jailbreak

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arxiv 2312.04127 v2 pith:QP3GIW63 submitted 2023-12-07 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords jailbreakllmsinstructionsattackmaliciousmethodreal-worldgenerate
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Extensive work has been devoted to improving the safety mechanism of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, LLMs still tend to generate harmful responses when faced with malicious instructions, a phenomenon referred to as "Jailbreak Attack". In our research, we introduce a novel automatic jailbreak method RADIAL, which bypasses the security mechanism by amplifying the potential of LLMs to generate affirmation responses. The jailbreak idea of our method is "Inherent Response Tendency Analysis" which identifies real-world instructions that can inherently induce LLMs to generate affirmation responses and the corresponding jailbreak strategy is "Real-World Instructions-Driven Jailbreak" which involves strategically splicing real-world instructions identified through the above analysis around the malicious instruction. Our method achieves excellent attack performance on English malicious instructions with five open-source advanced LLMs while maintaining robust attack performance in executing cross-language attacks against Chinese malicious instructions. We conduct experiments to verify the effectiveness of our jailbreak idea and the rationality of our jailbreak strategy design. Notably, our method designed a semantically coherent attack prompt, highlighting the potential risks of LLMs. Our study provides detailed insights into jailbreak attacks, establishing a foundation for the development of safer LLMs.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. LLM in the Middle: A Systematic Review of Threats and Mitigations to Real-World LLM-based Systems

    cs.CR 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A systematic review that categorizes LLM threats, severity scores, and mitigations across development and operation life cycles and multiple deployment scenarios.

  2. MoGU V2: Toward a Higher Pareto Frontier Between Model Usability and Security

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    MoGUv2 embeds small routers in the deeper layers of LLMs to dynamically blend a helpful variant and a refusal variant, improving safety against jailbreak and fine-tuning attacks while preserving usability.

  3. Anchoring Refusal Direction: Mitigating Safety Risks in Tuning via Projection Constraint

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ProCon anchors each sample's hidden-state projection onto the LLM's initial refusal direction during instruction fine-tuning, reducing refusal-direction drift and safety risks with limited task-performance loss.

  4. Layer-Wise Perturbations via Sparse Autoencoders for Adversarial Text Generation

    cs.CL 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Sparse autoencoder activation perturbation (SFPF) applied on top of existing jailbreak prompts raises attack success rate on Qwen3-32B, but with no defense evaluation and weak reproducibility.

  5. Innocence in the Crossfire: Roles of Skip Connections in Jailbreaking Visual Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The paper reports higher harmful-output rates in three open-source VLMs from detailed image descriptions, in-context examples, and positive openings, and from a skip connection between internal layers, with memes riva...

  6. SoK: A Comprehensive Security Analysis of Jailbreak Resilience in GPT and DeepSeek Models

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Across 510 HarmBench behaviors and seven attack methods, GPT-4 models show more consistent jailbreak resilience than DeepSeek models, whose vulnerability grows with scale.

  7. Adversarial Preference Learning for Robust LLM Alignment

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    APL iteratively trains an attacker to generate adversarial prompt rewrites and a defender to resist them, using the defender's own preference probabilities as the attack signal.

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