The geometry of C₆0: a rigorous approach via Molecular Mechanics

Molecular Mechanics describes molecules as particle configurations interacting via classical potentials. These {\it configurational energies} usually consist of the sum of different phenomenological terms which are tailored to the description of specific bonding geometries. This approach is followed here to model the fullerene $C_{60}$, an allotrope of carbon corresponding to a specific hollow spherical structure of sixty atoms. We rigorously address different modeling options and advance a set of minimal requirements on the configurational energy able to deliver an accurate prediction of the fine three-dimensional geometry of $C_{60}$ as well as of its remarkable stability. In particular, the experimentally observed truncated-icosahedron structure with two different bond lengths is shown to be a strict local minimizer.