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Smooth ECE: Principled Reliability Diagrams via Kernel Smoothing

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arxiv 2309.12236 v1 pith:QYGFPEJ5 submitted 2023-09-21 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords calibrationreliabilitydiagramsmeasuremeasuresconstructionsfunctionkernel
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Calibration measures and reliability diagrams are two fundamental tools for measuring and interpreting the calibration of probabilistic predictors. Calibration measures quantify the degree of miscalibration, and reliability diagrams visualize the structure of this miscalibration. However, the most common constructions of reliability diagrams and calibration measures -- binning and ECE -- both suffer from well-known flaws (e.g. discontinuity). We show that a simple modification fixes both constructions: first smooth the observations using an RBF kernel, then compute the Expected Calibration Error (ECE) of this smoothed function. We prove that with a careful choice of bandwidth, this method yields a calibration measure that is well-behaved in the sense of (B{\l}asiok, Gopalan, Hu, and Nakkiran 2023a) -- a consistent calibration measure. We call this measure the SmoothECE. Moreover, the reliability diagram obtained from this smoothed function visually encodes the SmoothECE, just as binned reliability diagrams encode the BinnedECE. We also provide a Python package with simple, hyperparameter-free methods for measuring and plotting calibration: `pip install relplot\`.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Discretization-free Multicalibration through Loss Minimization over Tree Ensembles

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A one-shot ERM over depth-two tree ensembles on the base predictor and group indicators yields multicalibration whenever squared loss is saturated, a condition verified empirically on six datasets.

  2. ConfidenceBench: Evaluating Confidence Calibration in Large Language Models

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    Frontier LLMs' verbalized confidence is often miscalibrated: the most accurate model is not the best-calibrated, and several models score worse than a calibrated random baseline.

  3. Critical Appraisal of Fairness Metrics in Clinical Predictive AI

    cs.LG 2025-06 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    A scoping review of 62 fairness metrics for clinical predictive AI finds a fragmented, threshold-dependent landscape with only one clinical utility metric.

  4. Good Practice Guide for quantifying uncertainties for machine learning models applied to photoplethysmography signals

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A consortium guide that standardizes how to quantify and validate uncertainty for ML models applied to wearable PPG signals, with benchmarks, datasets, and software.

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