Pith. sign in

REVIEW 14 cited by

Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2303.10171 v2 pith:RR3SBADY submitted 2023-03-17 astro-ph.CO hep-ph

Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium

classification astro-ph.CO hep-ph
keywords wallbubbleequilibriumlocalthermalvelocitiesvelocitydetermination
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN
read the original abstract

Accurately determining bubble wall velocities in first-order phase transitions is of great importance for the prediction of gravitational wave signals and the matter-antimatter asymmetry. However, it is a challenging task which typically depends on the underlying particle physics model. Recently, it has been shown that assuming local thermal equilibrium can provide a good approximation when calculating the bubble wall velocity. In this paper, we provide a model-independent determination of bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium. Our results show that, under the reasonable assumption that the sound speeds in the plasma are approximately uniform, the hydrodynamics can be fully characterized by four quantities: the phase strength $\alpha_n$, the ratio of the enthalpies in the broken and symmetric phases, $\Psi_n$, and the sound speeds in both phases, $c_s$ and $c_b$. We provide a code snippet that allows for a determination of the wall velocity and energy fraction in local thermal equilibrium in any model. In addition, we present a fit function for the wall velocity in the case $c_s = c_b = 1/\sqrt 3$.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 14 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Nonlinear growth and amplification of phase-transition gravitational waves induced by cosmic expansion

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    3D simulations in an expanding background show cosmic expansion drives nonlinear growth that amplifies gravitational-wave spectra from slow phase transitions by factors of 10 to 100.

  2. Non-conformal obstructions to bubble expansion

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    Non-conformal equations of state introduce wall and flow obstructions that delete entire classes of bubble solutions and create 'shocked detonations', shrinking the allowed wall-velocity space and suppressing gravitat...

  3. LeWRON: Agentic Analysis of Electroweak Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    LeWRON is a new agentic framework that automates construction, auditing, and exploration of finite-temperature effective potentials and gravitational-wave predictions for electroweak phase transitions starting from an...

  4. Bubble velocities in local equilibrium from a pseudopotential

    hep-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 7.0

    Terminal bubble-wall velocities in local equilibrium can be found by requiring degenerate minima of a field-only pseudopotential, avoiding scalar equations of motion and profile or equation-of-state assumptions.

  5. Angular momentum of vacuum bubbles in a first-order phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Computes the dimensionless spin parameter s = J/(G_N M^2) of false vacuum bubbles from density and velocity perturbations in FOPTs, yielding values from O(10^{-5}) to O(10) and a scaling relation with FOPT timescale, ...

  6. Dynamical evolution of the pressure on the bubble wall

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.

  7. Hydrodynamics of Filtered Dark Matter: A Two-Component Approach

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Filtered Dark Matter hydrodynamics during first-order phase transitions is modeled as a two-component fluid, yielding detonation-like and deflagration-like solutions in ballistic and local thermal equilibrium regimes ...

  8. Complementarity of gravitational wave analyses and di-Higgs production in the exploration of the Electroweak Phase Transition dynamics in the RxSM

    hep-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

    In the real singlet extension of the SM, strong first-order electroweak phase transitions split into singlet-driven transitions (loud in gravitational waves, quiet at colliders) and doublet-driven transitions (visible...

  9. Probing Flavour Deconstruction via Primordial Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0

    Flavour deconstruction phase transitions can generate detectable gravitational waves, but their spectra typically peak above the millihertz range, making LISA detection possible yet not guaranteed.

  10. Investigating a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the RxSM at future linear $e^+e^-$ colliders and LISA

    hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.5

    In the RxSM, singlet-driven SFOEWPTs yield strong LISA GW signals with SM-like Higgs couplings, while doublet-driven ones yield large κ_λ deviations visible at ILC1000 but weak GWs.

  11. Electroweak Baryogenesis: Advances in Sphaleron Rate Calculations and Implications of Thermal Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Sphaleron rates can be computed gauge-invariantly in 3D thermal EFT, yielding a new baryon-washout criterion x = lambda3/g3^2 that replaces v_c/T_c > 1 for electroweak baryogenesis.

  12. A critical look at low-scale cosmological phase transitions in the PTA era

    hep-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.

  13. HydroGrav: Precise hydrodynamics and gravitational waves for cosmological phase transitions

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    HydroGrav code computes self-similar fluid profiles and GW spectra using exact EOS from effective potentials for EWPT models, identifying parameter regions in a Z2 SM extension where simplified EOS differ in amplitude...

  14. Constraining the real scalar singlet extension of the SM

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Real scalar singlet extension of SM permits strong first-order EWPT for singlet masses up to ~1 TeV; HL-LHC tests large fraction of space while FCC offers discovery reach.