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The Electroweak Sphaleron in a strong magnetic field
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In an external magnetic field, the energy of the electroweak sphaleron---representing the energy barrier to baryon and lepton number violation---decreases but remains nonzero until the upper Ambjorn-Olesen critical field strength set by the Higgs mass and the electric charge, where it vanishes. We demonstrate this by numerically computing the sphaleron configuration in the presence of an external magnetic field, over the full range of field strengths until the energy barrier vanishes. We discuss the implications for baryogenesis in the early universe, and the possibility of observing of baryon and lepton number violation in heavy-ion collisions.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Electroweak Baryogenesis: Advances in Sphaleron Rate Calculations and Implications of Thermal Phase Transitions
Sphaleron rates can be computed gauge-invariantly in 3D thermal EFT, yielding a new baryon-washout criterion x = lambda3/g3^2 that replaces v_c/T_c > 1 for electroweak baryogenesis.
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Impact of Primordial Magnetic Fields on the First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition
A primordial hypermagnetic field slows the first-order electroweak transition, forms Higgs vortices above g'B/m_W^2 ~ 3.63, and helical fields boost sphaleron rates and baryon asymmetry.
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