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arxiv 2408.10139 v2 pith:S327MBUU submitted 2024-08-19 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IM

Characterizing the nanohertz gravitational wave background using a t-process power spectral density

classification astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IM
keywords powergravitationalpower-lawprocessproducedspectralbackgroundbinaries
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), which induce correlated changes in millisecond pulsars' timing residuals. PTA collaborations around the world have recently announced evidence of a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB), which may be produced by a population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The GWB is often modeled as following a power-law power spectral density (PSD); however, a GWB produced by a cosmological population of SMBHBs is expected to have a more complex power spectrum due to the discrete nature of the sources. In this paper, we investigate using a $t$-process PSD to model the GWB, which allows us to fit for both the underlying power-law amplitude and spectral index as well as deviations from that power law, which may be produced by individual nearby binaries. We create simulated data sets based on the properties of the NANOGrav 15-year data set, and we demonstrate that the $t$-process PSD can accurately recover the PSD when deviations from a power-law are present. With longer timed datasets and more pulsars, we expect the sensitivity of our PTAs to improve, which will allow us to precisely measure the PSD of the GWB and study the sources producing it.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Population statistics of nanohertz gravitational wave sources

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A hierarchical Bayesian inference framework combining free-spectrum reconstruction with population-level likelihoods distinguishes finite SMBHB populations from Gaussian primordial GWB using mock PTA data.

  2. A Joint Optimal Search for Gravitational Waves from Resolved and Unresolved Supermassive Binary Black Holes with Pulsar Timing Arrays

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A joint model of GWB and resolvable SMBHBs for PTA data proposes N_c as astrophysical detection statistic and applies it to NANOGrav 15-year simulations, finding tensions with 21 of 114 AGN candidates and low (2-5%) d...