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Bayesian Inference with Gaussian Processes for the Determination of Parton Distribution Functions

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arxiv 2404.07573 v2 pith:S6DUFB2J submitted 2024-04-11 hep-ph hep-lat

Bayesian Inference with Gaussian Processes for the Determination of Parton Distribution Functions

classification hep-ph hep-lat
keywords bayesiandeterminationdiscussdistributionmethodologydataenteringfunctions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We discuss a Bayesian methodology for the solution of the inverse problem underlying the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs). In our approach, Gaussian Processes (GPs) are used to model the PDF prior, while Bayes theorem is used in order to determine the posterior distribution of the PDFs given a set of data. We discuss the general formalism, the Bayesian inference at the level of both parameters and hyperparameters, and the simplifications which occur when the observable entering the analysis is linear in the PDF. We benchmark the new methodology in two simple examples for the determination of a single PDF flavor from a set of Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) data and from a set of equal-time correlators computed using lattice QCD. We discuss our results, showing how the proposed methodology allows for a well-defined statistical interpretation of the different sources of errors entering the PDF uncertainty, and how results can be validated a posteriori.

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