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arxiv 1410.8141 v2 pith:S7FSSM7K submitted 2014-10-29 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO

Forty-Seven Milky Way-Sized, Extremely Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster

classification astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
keywords galaxiescomaclusterbrightnesslargeobjectssurfacearcsec
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We report the discovery of 47 low surface brightness objects in deep images of a 3 x 3 degree field centered on the Coma cluster, obtained with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. The objects have central surface brightness mu(g,0) ranging from 24 - 26 mag/arcsec^2 and effective radii r_e = 3"-10", as measured from archival Canada France Hawaii Telescope images. From their spatial distribution we infer that most or all of the objects are galaxies in the Coma cluster. This relatively large distance is surprising as it implies that the galaxies are very large: with r_e = 1.5 - 4.6 kpc their sizes are similar to those of L* galaxies even though their median stellar mass is only ~6 x 10^7 Solar masses. The galaxies are relatively red and round, with <g-i> = 0.8 and <b/a> = 0.74. One of the 47 galaxies is fortuitously covered by a deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS observation. The ACS imaging shows a large spheroidal object with a central surface brightness mu(g,0) = 25.8 mag/arcsec^2, a Sersic index n=0.6, and an effective radius of 7", corresponding to 3.4 kpc at the distance of Coma. The galaxy is not resolved into stars, consistent with expectations for a Coma cluster object. We speculate that UDGs may have lost their gas supply at early times, possibly resulting in very high dark matter fractions.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

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  2. Globular cluster distributions as a dynamical probe of dark matter

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    N-body and semianalytic simulations indicate that globular cluster distributions in UDG1 and Fornax require dark matter halos via dynamical friction, while DF44 yields no strong constraint.

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