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Calibration of the LOFAR low-band antennas using the Galaxy and a model of the signal chain

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arxiv 1903.05988 v1 pith:SBO3IGNW submitted 2019-03-14 astro-ph.IM

Calibration of the LOFAR low-band antennas using the Galaxy and a model of the signal chain

K. Mulrey , A. Bonardi , S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , H. Falcke , B. M. Hare , J. R. H\"orandel , T. Huege
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P. Mitra A. Nelles J. P. Rachen L. Rossetto P. Schellart O. Scholten S. ter Veen S. Thoudam T. N. G. Trinh T. Winchen
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keywords calibrationlofarsignalabsoluteantennaschaindataemission
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The LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is used to make precise measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers, yielding information about the primary cosmic ray. Interpreting the measured data requires an absolute and frequency-dependent calibration of the LOFAR system response. This is particularly important for spectral analyses, because the shape of the detected signal holds information about the shower development. We revisit the calibration of the LOFAR antennas in the range of 30 - 80 MHz. Using the Galactic emission and a detailed model of the LOFAR signal chain, we find an improved calibration that provides an absolute energy scale and allows for the study of frequency-dependent features in measured signals. With the new calibration, systematic uncertainties of 13% are reached, and comparisons of the spectral shape of calibrated data with simulations show promising agreement.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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    International LOFAR stations are 20–45% more sensitive to sources on the rising side of the sky than the setting side, an asymmetry observed in all 11 tracked pulsars and across three stations.

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