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Benchmark brown dwarfs -- I. A blue M2 + T5 wide binary and a probable young [M4 + M4] + [T7 + T8] hierarchical quadruple

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arxiv 2505.24560 v3 pith:SL6REG7U submitted 2025-05-30 astro-ph.SR astro-ph.EP

Benchmark brown dwarfs -- I. A blue M2 + T5 wide binary and a probable young [M4 + M4] + [T7 + T8] hierarchical quadruple

classification astro-ph.SR astro-ph.EP
keywords binarydwarfsbrowndwarfbenchmarkmasssystemswide
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Benchmark brown dwarfs in wide binary systems are crucial for characterizing substellar objects and calibrating atmospheric and evolutionary models. However, brown dwarf benchmarks with subsolar metallicity, very cool temperatures, or suitability for dynamical mass measurements are rare, limiting our understanding across the full range of mass, age, and metallicity. We present the discovery of two new multiple systems containing T dwarf companions, identified through a targeted search using CatWISE2020 and Gaia catalogues. L 122-88 AB is a wide binary comprising a mildly metal-poor M2 dwarf and a T5 dwarf, separated by 215.6 arcsec at a distance of 33.106+/-0.014 pc. Atmospheric model fitting to the near infrared spectrum of L 122-88 A suggests a mildly metal-poor composition ([Fe/H] = -0.2). UPM J1040-3551 AB is a candidate hierarchical quadruple system at 25.283+/-0.013 pc, consisting of a likely astrometric binary of two M4 dwarfs and a probable unresolved spectral binary of T7 and T8 dwarfs, separated by 65.48 arcsec from the primary. The H-alpha emission detected in UPM J1040-3551 A indicates an age range of 0.3-2.0 Gyr. This age estimate suggests that the T8 component has a mass between 9 and 28 Jupiter masses, potentially classifying it as a planetary-mass object. These systems augment the sample of benchmark brown dwarfs, particularly in the underexplored regime of cool temperature, providing valuable opportunities for refining our understanding of substellar objects.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Benchmark Brown Dwarf Systems I: Chemical Abundance Analysis of FGK Stars with Wide-Separation Brown Dwarf Companions Using PEPSI

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Uniform BACCHUS abundances from PEPSI spectra of 32 FGK brown-dwarf hosts show C/O dispersion, predict silicate cloud species via Mg/Si, and test the [Y/Mg] age clock.

  2. Benchmark Brown Dwarf Systems I: Chemical Abundance Analysis of FGK Stars with Wide-Separation Brown Dwarf Companions Using PEPSI

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    A uniform high-resolution abundance catalog of 32 FGK host stars of wide-separation brown dwarfs, with C/O, Mg/Si, Ca/Al, and [Y/Mg] ratios used to predict companion cloud chemistry and ages.