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Altermagnetism: an unconventional spin-ordered phase of matter

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arxiv 2411.00717 v2 pith:TGG6XBY5 submitted 2024-11-01 cond-mat.mtrl-sci

classification cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords altermagnetismorderingspinspin-spacesymmetrycrystalsreal-spacerotation
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The Pauli exclusion principle combined with interactions between fermions is a basic mechanism across condensed-matter systems giving rise to a spontaneous breaking of the spin-space rotation symmetry of spin-ordered phases. Ferromagnetism is a conventional manifestation of spin ordering which leads to numerous applications, e.g., in spintronic information technologies. Altermagnetism, whose recent discovery was largely motivated by spintronics, stands apart from conventional magnetism in the sense that it spontaneously breaks not only spin-space but also real-space rotation symmetries, while it preserves a symmetry combining spin-space and real-space rotations. This is realized on crystals by a collinear compensated ordering of spins with a characteristic d, g or i-wave symmetry. Our Perspective goes beyond the theory of spin arrangements on crystals by connecting altermagnetism to basic notions in condensed matter physics. Specifically, we reflect on the analogies and distinctions of altermagnetism as compared to superfluid 3He and theories of spin ordering in the momentum space generated by other higher-partial-wave instabilities of a Fermi-liquid. On one hand, all these physical systems have in common the extraordinary combination of spontaneous breaking of spin-space and real-space rotation symmetries. On the other hand, we point out that there are key differences, both at the symmetry level and, particularly, at the level of microscopic mechanisms of ordering. These explain the comparatively large abundance, robustness and utility of altermagnetism, as predicted by the symmetry-classification of spin arrangements on crystals and ab initio calculations, and supported by initial experiments.

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Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Nanoscale Imaging of Strain-Controlled Altermagnetic Domains in {\alpha}-MnTe

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In alpha-MnTe, compression makes magnetic domains grow by merging, and unloading leaves them fragmented in a different, metastable pattern, so the material remembers the strain history.

  2. Elasto-Hall conductivity and the anomalous Hall effect in altermagnets

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2025-02 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Strain distorts the Berry curvature quadrupole of an altermagnet into a net monopole, producing an anomalous Hall effect linear in the electric field.

  3. Origin of $A$-type antiferromagnetism and chiral split magnons in altermagnetic $\alpha$-MnTe

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2024-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    DFT+U total-energy mapping over 60 magnetic configurations shows the in-plane exchange J2 in α-MnTe is ferromagnetic, and the direction-dependent J10 interaction produces chiral magnon splitting, both enhanced under 1...

  4. Non-Relativistic Anisotropic Magnetoresistance with Collinear and Non-Collinear Magnetic Order

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Magnetic order alone can break enough crystal symmetry to create direction-dependent conductivity, known as anisotropic magnetoresistance, even when spin-orbit coupling is absent.

  5. Pseudo-chiral phonon splitting from octupolar magnetic order

    cond-mat.str-el 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a model of multipolar magnets, ferro-octupolar order splits the Eg phonon doublet into pseudo-chiral modes with a gap near 1 meV, which Raman spectroscopy can resolve, while quadrupolar order leaves no resolvable s...

  6. Crossed Andreev reflection in collinear $p$-wave magnet/triplet superconductor junctions

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Collinear p-wave magnet/triplet superconductor junctions are predicted to support a regime of pure crossed Andreev reflection without external magnetic fields.

  7. Electrical Control of the Exchange Bias Effect at Model Ferromagnet-Altermagnet Junctions

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Ferromagnet/altermagnet junctions are predicted to show exchange bias, including on compensated surfaces, with strength tunable by interface coupling and electric field.

  8. Coexistence of $p$-wave magnetism and superconductivity

    cond-mat.supr-con 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    p-wave magnets can coexist with conventional s-wave superconductivity, and the superconducting state strongly enhances the transverse spin current these magnets generate.

  9. Third-order and fifth-order nonlinear spin-current generation in $g$-wave and $i$-wave altermagnets, and perfectly nonreciprocal spin-current in $f$-wave magnets

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In two-band models of higher-wave magnets, the only nonzero nonlinear spin Drude conductivity has order equal to one less than the number of Fermi-surface nodes.

  10. Spin relaxation in $X$-wave magnets with $X=p, d, f, g, i$

    cond-mat.other 2026-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

    Spin relaxation matrices for p, d, f, g, and i-wave magnets with Rashba coupling are derived, showing anisotropic, mostly diagonal reciprocal lifetimes and spin precession rates proportional to scattering time.

  11. Nonlinear spin-Seebeck diode in $f$-wave magnets, third-order spin-Nernst effects in $g$-wave magnets and spin-Nernst effects in $i$-wave altermagnets

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Boltzmann-equation calculation predicts second-order spin-Seebeck currents in f-wave magnets, third-order spin-Nernst currents in g-wave magnets, and linear spin-Nernst currents in i-wave altermagnets, all without s...

  12. Transverse Spin Supercurrent at p-wave magnetic Josephson Junctions

    cond-mat.supr-con 2025-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A p-wave magnet sandwiched between two s-wave superconductors converts Andreev bound states into sideways-propagating modes that carry a pure transverse spin supercurrent.

  13. Enhancement of d-wave Pairing in Strongly Correlated Altermagnet

    cond-mat.str-el 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Spin-dependent hopping anisotropy weakens antiferromagnetism and enhances d-wave pairing correlations in a strongly correlated altermagnetic Hubbard model.

  14. Determining the Nature of Magnetism in Altermagnetic Candidate RuO$_2$

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2025-04 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

    Torque magnetometry and quantum oscillations show RuO2 single crystals are paramagnetic, with no evidence for altermagnetic order.

  15. Symmetry, microscopy and spectroscopy signatures of altermagnetism

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2025-06 unverdicted

    A review of the symmetry, microscopic origin, and detection of altermagnetism, a collinear magnetic phase with alternating spin polarization in momentum space.

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