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LLM Test Generation via Iterative Hybrid Program Analysis

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arxiv 2503.13580 v2 pith:TNKEVX24 submitted 2025-03-17 cs.SE cs.AI

classification cs.SEcs.AI
keywords coveragetestgenerationanalysiscodeiterativepantabranch
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Automating unit test generation remains a significant challenge, particularly for complex methods in real-world projects. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made strides in code generation, they struggle to achieve high branch coverage due to their limited ability to reason about intricate control flow structures. To address this limitation, we introduce Panta, a technique that emulates the iterative process human developers follow when analyzing code and constructing test cases. Panta integrates static control flow analysis and dynamic code coverage analysis to systematically guide LLMs in identifying uncovered execution paths and generating better test cases. By incorporating an iterative feedback-driven mechanism, our technique continuously refines test generation based on static and dynamic path coverage insights, ensuring more comprehensive and effective testing. Our empirical evaluation, conducted on classes with high cyclomatic complexity from open-source projects, demonstrates that Panta achieves 26% higher line coverage and 23% higher branch coverage compared to the state-of-the-art.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Knowledge-Guided Synthetic Bug Feedback for LLM-Based Unit Test Generation

    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    Mechanism-guided synthetic-bug feedback raises real-bug detection of LLM unit tests to 72.67% RBDR on 172 Defects4J tasks, outperforming mutation and coverage baselines by ~20 points.

  2. TATG: Tracking-Aware Testing Objective for LLM-based Test Generation

    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tracking individual static and feedback testing objectives across a coverage-then-mutation two-stage LLM workflow raises line/branch coverage and mutation score on complex Java methods versus KTester and PANTA.

  3. Hamster: A Large-Scale Study and Characterization of Developer-Written Tests

    cs.SE 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A large-scale study of 1.7M developer-written Java tests shows they commonly use fixtures, mocking, structured inputs, and multi-class scope, features largely missing from automated test generation tools.

  4. Refining LLM-based Directed Test Input Generation via Runtime Value Feedback

    cs.SE 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A feedback loop that injects debugger-observed runtime values into LLM prompts improves directed test input generation, reaching target lines in three of four real-world case studies.

  5. How well LLM-based test generation techniques perform with newer LLM versions?

    cs.SE 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    With newer LLMs, a plainly prompted generation loop matches or beats four engineered test-generation tools on coverage and mutation score, and a class-then-method hybrid cuts LLM queries by about 20%.

  6. ATLAS: Multi-View Code Representation Tool for C and C++ Source Programs

    cs.SE 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ATLAS claims no-build aligned AST/CFG/DFG extraction for C/C++ at 96.8%/91.7% CFG correctness, and a 34.7-point LLM line-coverage lift when fed its CFG paths.

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