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Classification of differentiable structures on the non-Hausdorff line with two origins

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arxiv 2406.09576 v1 pith:TUHLZUR2 submitted 2024-06-13 math.GT math.ATmath.DGmath.DSmath.GN

classification math.GTmath.ATmath.DGmath.DSmath.GN
keywords mathbbmathcaloriginsstructureslinediffeomorphismclassescoset
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abstract

We classify differentiable structures on a line $\mathbb{L}$ with two origins being a non-Hausdorff but $T_1$ one-dimensional manifold obtained by ``doubling'' $0$. For $k\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}$ let $H$ be the group of homeomorphisms $h$ of $\mathbb{R}$ such that $h(0)=0$ and the restriction of $h$ to $\mathbb{R}\setminus0$ is a $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-diffeomorphism. Let also $D$ be the subgroup of $H$ consisting of $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-diffeomorphisms of $\mathbb{R}$ also fixing $0$. It is shown that there is a natural bijection between $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-structures on $\mathbb{L}$ (up to a $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-diffeomorphism fixing both origins) and double $D$-coset classes $D \setminus H / D = \{ D h D \mid h \in H\}$. Moreover, the set of all $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-structures on $\mathbb{L}$ (up to a $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-diffeomorphism which may also exchange origins) are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of double $(D,\pm)$-coset classes $D \setminus H^{\pm} / D = \{ D h D \cup D h^{-1} D \mid h \in H\}$. In particular, in contrast with the real line, the line with two origins $\mathbb{L}$ admits uncountably many pair-wise non-diffeomorphic $\mathcal{C}^{k}$-structures for each $k=1,2,\ldots,\infty$.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Quantum mechanics on the line with two origins

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    On the non-Hausdorff line with two origins, scalar quantum mechanics is identical to the real line, while the nontrivial spinor line forces every continuous section to vanish at both origins and makes the first-order ...

  2. Differentiable structures on a union of two open sets

    math.DG 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For each r, the C^r structures on the non-Hausdorff letter Y are in bijection with certain diffeomorphism-group double cosets, yielding uncountably many non-diffeomorphic structures.

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