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Measuring gravitational wave memory with LISA
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Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has revolutionized our capacity to explore nature. The next generation of observatories, among which the space-borne detector Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LISA, is expected to yield orders of magnitude of signal-to-noise ratio improvement, and reach fainter and novel features of General Relativity. Among them, an exciting possibility is the detection of GW memory. Interpreted as a permanent deformation of the background spacetime after a GW perturbation has passed through the detector, GW memory offers a novel avenue to proof-test General Relativity, access the non-linear nature of gravity, and provide complementary information to better characterize the GW source. Previous studies have shown that GW memory detection from individual mergers of massive black hole binaries is expected with LISA. However, these works have not simulated the proper time domain response of the detector to the GW memory. This work is filling this gap and presents the detection prospects of LISA regarding GW memory and the expected signature of GW memory on the data-streams using the most up-to-date LISA consortium simulations of the response. We focus on the GW memory of massive black hole binary mergers and use state-of-the-art population models to assess the likelihood of detecting the GW memory within the LISA lifetime. We conclude that GW memory will be a key feature of several events detected by LISA, and will help to exploit the scientific potential of the mission fully.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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The Persistence of Nonlinear Gravitational Wave Memory
Nonlinear gravitational wave memory is not permanent for a fixed observer: it decays as one over the time since the burst, though it remains permanent at future null infinity.
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Scalar memory from compact binary coalescences
In Ricci-coupled scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the change in scalar charge during binary black hole mergers generates a scalar memory contribution that modifies the total memory signal on observable timescales.
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Memory effect from the scattering of Taub-NUT black holes
Soft theorems yield a gauge-invariant nutty soft factor and the associated memory tensor for Kerr-Taub-NUT scattering, with magnetic components and directional divergences absent in electromagnetism.
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Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: universal characteristics of strongly lensed memory waveforms
Strongly lensed gravitational-wave memory waveforms acquire universal parity signatures—odd for type I/III images, even for type II—that can identify image type via a simple step-function approximation.
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Nonlinear Gravitational Memory in the Post-Minkowskian Expansion
Exact-in-velocity formulas for the O(G^3) nonlinear gravitational memory multipoles from two-body scattering, derived with scattering amplitudes and reverse unitarity, and matched to post-Newtonian results.
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Across the Horizon: On Gravitational Wave Flux Laws and Tests of Gravity
A dissertation deriving BMS flux laws, using them to test waveform models, and forecasting LISA observations of echoes and a stochastic background.
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A stepping stone toward detecting gravitational wave memory: a cumulative analysis with the full $(\ell=2, m=0)$ spherical harmonic using events from GWTC-4.0 and GWTC-5.0
Cumulative log10 Bayes factor of 1.38±0.79 favors the full (2,0) mode in GWTC-4.0; decisive evidence is projected to need ~166 events under optimistic assumptions.
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