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Primordial black holes from a cosmic phase transition: The collapse of Fermi-balls

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arxiv 2106.00111 v3 pith:UG4EF7WR submitted 2021-05-31 astro-ph.CO hep-ph

Primordial black holes from a cosmic phase transition: The collapse of Fermi-balls

classification astro-ph.CO hep-ph
keywords foptpbhsvacuumblackcollapsefalsefermi-ballsmass
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We propose a novel primordial black hole (PBH) formation mechanism based on a first-order phase transition (FOPT). If a fermion species gains a huge mass in the true vacuum, the corresponding particles get trapped in the false vacuum as they do not have sufficient energy to penetrate the bubble wall. After the FOPT, the fermions are compressed into the false vacuum remnants to form non-topological solitons called Fermi-balls, and then collapse to PBHs due to the Yukawa attractive force. We derive the PBH mass and abundance, showing that for a $\mathcal{O}({\rm GeV})$ FOPT the PBHs could be $\sim10^{17}$ g and explain all of dark matter. If the FOPT happens at higher scale, PBHs are typically overproduced and extra dilution mechanism is necessary to satisfy current constraints.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  2. Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    The paper derives a quantitative relationship showing that the Kerr parameter a_* of PBHs from first-order phase transitions increases with latent heat α and decreases with transition rate β, reaching typical values o...

  3. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  4. Angular momentum of vacuum bubbles in a first-order phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Computes the dimensionless spin parameter s = J/(G_N M^2) of false vacuum bubbles from density and velocity perturbations in FOPTs, yielding values from O(10^{-5}) to O(10) and a scaling relation with FOPT timescale, ...

  5. Dynamical evolution of the pressure on the bubble wall

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.

  6. Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives quantitative relation between PBH Kerr parameter a* and phase-transition parameters α and β, finding typical a* ~ 10^{-3} without assuming Gaussian perturbations.

  7. Primordial Black Hole Hotspots Beyond Flat Spacetime

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Hotspots around light primordial black holes cool faster in an expanding universe following T_plt ∝ t^{-11/15} and vanish completely in finite time, unlike everlasting hotspots in flat spacetime.

  8. PBH formation and Gravitational Waves as Multi-messenger Signals of First-order Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    False-vacuum collapse during first-order phase transitions can form PBHs and emit GWs across a broad parameter range, and MeV-scale classically conformal U(1)_{B-L} symmetry breaking has the largest region where both ...

  9. The cosmology of long range Yukawa interactions in general backgrounds

    hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Generalization of scalar-fermion Yukawa systems in constant-EOS cosmologies identifies scaling regime with constant energy density ratio from approximate scale invariance and asymptotic regime recovering bare mass.

  10. Primordial Black Holes from Slow Phase Transitions with Delayed Reheating: A Peak-Theory Approach

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.

  11. Phenomenology of Vector Dark Matter produced by a First Order Phase Transition

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Dark sector first-order phase transitions near 10 MeV can substantially modify vector dark matter relic densities away from standard thermal freeze-out predictions, with distinct mass windows and calculable gravitatio...

  12. Dark matter production from evaporation of regular primordial black holes

    hep-ph 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Regular primordial black holes can evaporate completely like singular ones and yield the observed dark matter density under modified cosmological constraints.

  13. Primordial Black Hole Triggered Type Ia Supernovae II: Comparison with Supernova Remnants and Galactic Chemical Evolution

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    PBH-triggered SN Ia models across metallicities match some observed light curves and remnants, constrain the explosion channel fraction via chemical evolution modeling, and indicate PBHs as a potentially major early-u...