Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 8 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.19488.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.19488 v2

Coverage vector

measured 37 of 37 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.256875Z

measured 45 of 45 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 8 of 8 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:25.200640Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T01:17:30.484190Z

Reference resolution

37 of 37 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy14
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fa76bccc-1c51-4384-ab40-ef3ec3c5b322 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.159589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 562b7b4d-9492-45a4-a10f-2ce9294d9eae · outbound

This paper cites Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.162947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27516a5a-840d-4650-9a5d-54b560dda287 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the imitation game: Quanti- fying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Beyond the imitation game: Quanti- fying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.515792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 90f689ca-0a5c-41e6-942b-694bd061486b · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.169960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation adba00e4-5953-45a1-a679-e557367a7427 · outbound

This paper cites A theory of visual attention.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought A theory of visual attention

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.508212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c8baab00-adc6-4ee9-9422-05ba42110bff · outbound

This paper cites M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.175313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28b5434d-7e3b-4939-978d-a6dfd6c6ab61 · outbound

This paper cites ANOLE: An Open, Autoregressive, Native Large Multimodal Models for Interleaved Image-Text Generation.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought ANOLE: An Open, Autoregressive, Native Large Multimodal Models for Interleaved Image-Text Generation

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.178321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27fde5fb-20a6-48f4-8282-579212dad76f · outbound

This paper cites Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.181126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e210c3d2-ad99-453e-a7f5-cfd19ca32f30 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.182966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81d5e71b-6d5f-4eef-9a8a-2c6473d63b89 · outbound

This paper cites Unveiling Encoder-Free Vision-Language Models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Unveiling Encoder-Free Vision-Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.185094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11d9fae9-eee0-4fab-a461-7d42d4c23987 · outbound

This paper cites Taming transformers for high-resolution image synthesis.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Taming transformers for high-resolution image synthesis

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.187200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e852447-0cae-4141-800b-77d17103fba1 · outbound

This paper cites Scaffolding Coordinates to Promote Vision-Language Coordination in Large Multi-Modal Models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Scaffolding Coordinates to Promote Vision-Language Coordination in Large Multi-Modal Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.189065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e98afd3-1327-4d18-9a5a-f19ed5d4a428 · outbound

This paper cites BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.191722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7718e81d-9f0d-4fcb-82a9-0439158f9d38 · outbound

This paper cites Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.194642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bcac14db-e777-4231-aab4-066c7e263182 · outbound

This paper cites Llava-next: Im- proved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, 2024.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Llava-next: Im- proved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, 2024

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.492449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 89b5454c-5189-464c-8917-b27fc1554567 · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Visual instruction tuning

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.199599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 203beacb-3d22-46a9-9da1-dcd5bd7bed46 · outbound

This paper cites Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoning.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.202668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e219ece1-fe87-47f5-b12e-1bb37c5de588 · outbound

This paper cites Unified-io 2: Scaling autoregressive multimodal models with vision language audio and action.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Unified-io 2: Scaling autoregressive multimodal models with vision language audio and action

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.480694Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e420cc69-32dc-42e1-8496-5fb001d829d6 · outbound

This paper cites Compositional chain-of-thought prompting for large multimodal models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Compositional chain-of-thought prompting for large multimodal models

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.472770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5e548d24-6506-457a-8b87-824508c3551c · outbound

This paper cites Learning to reason with llms, 2023.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Learning to reason with llms, 2023

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.465247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e214d292-1f6e-4a09-a044-302040f7537e · outbound

This paper cites The attention system of the human brain.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought The attention system of the human brain

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.456914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation aff907c4-4bcb-4e6a-abd5-1985c3d1a1cc · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.217966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c773a40-5812-496a-a3b6-6589d62584e8 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.220659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ff2ef22-4857-4f6e-9534-98e67283e343 · outbound

This paper cites Scienceqa: A novel resource for question answering on scholarly articles.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Scienceqa: A novel resource for question answering on scholarly articles

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.445703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 99d82c35-4647-4225-8832-bd5f5df2f310 · outbound

This paper cites Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.225428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f568d8b6-2bda-419c-b557-7097b92ff187 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.228863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f343d669-00de-4f5a-8466-5f6d4b4179a0 · outbound

This paper cites Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMs.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMs

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.232167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0e84650-d139-4ac6-9614-b0978e0fa14c · outbound

This paper cites T-sciq: Teaching multimodal chain-of- thought reasoning via large language model signals for sci- ence question answering.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought T-sciq: Teaching multimodal chain-of- thought reasoning via large language model signals for sci- ence question answering

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.438029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d3ebb8a5-5c0d-4c05-be1c-8e21d24778b8 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.236937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c399a23-31cf-400b-a888-b1c76dbfce98 · outbound

This paper cites Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.239163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96f2b18d-bb03-4e84-9417-512c642a3d84 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large lan- guage models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large lan- guage models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.241072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4dd04f67-05e9-4e2c-98f7-60694e851ac7 · outbound

This paper cites Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4V.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4V

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.242771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 59ba44e7-1b9b-45c1-b249-12b1a3a9ce3e · outbound

This paper cites Multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning in language models.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning in language models

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.426767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2c8213f2-f209-4ba4-9aa4-ae4fa29f3bb8 · outbound

This paper cites Ddcot: Duty-distinct chain-of-thought prompting for multimodal reasoning in language models.Advances in Neu- ral Information Processing Systems, 36:5168–5191, 2023.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought Ddcot: Duty-distinct chain-of-thought prompting for multimodal reasoning in language models.Advances in Neu- ral Information Processing Systems, 36:5168–5191, 2023

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.420592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 25c6e542-b65b-4713-99fb-de5589a27a46 · outbound

This paper cites If ADS selects a large number of patches every time, the selected patches will be dispersed, resulting in more noise introduced and higher computation costs.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought If ADS selects a large number of patches every time, the selected patches will be dispersed, resulting in more noise introduced and higher computation costs

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.411990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6af74c2a-4e1c-49b2-aac5-9598eda800c6 · outbound

This paper cites All options are correct.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought All options are correct

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.403108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5b9b8d82-027c-40fc-9853-54ca2cf368ab · outbound

This paper cites end of sequence.

Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought end of sequence

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.393454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 4e7f2367-3101-4041-9abb-96fe64d90401 · inbound

Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning cites this paper.

Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:25.200640Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 79eb36fa-ddc5-4e7c-9127-09243a67138f · inbound

Mimicking or Reasoning: Rethinking Multi-Modal In-Context Learning in Vision-Language Models cites this paper.

Mimicking or Reasoning: Rethinking Multi-Modal In-Context Learning in Vision-Language Models Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:25:30.361398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6990e73e-ecba-498e-8f0d-3053ca4dae2e · inbound

Argus Inspection: Do Multimodal Large Language Models Possess the Eye of Panoptes? cites this paper.

Argus Inspection: Do Multimodal Large Language Models Possess the Eye of Panoptes? Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:18:57.441933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 695df68b-663b-447b-a8e4-7b989f08be41 · inbound

Reasoning Within the Mind: Dynamic Multimodal Interleaving in Latent Space cites this paper.

Reasoning Within the Mind: Dynamic Multimodal Interleaving in Latent Space Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T23:03:38.819399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5a98eb01-858e-4931-8855-c3f78b07f881 · inbound

One Token per Highly Selective Frame: Towards Extreme Compression for Long Video Understanding cites this paper.

One Token per Highly Selective Frame: Towards Extreme Compression for Long Video Understanding Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T13:30:26.595050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e8b32640-b2b9-4763-baa8-02b326fa001d · inbound

DeepLatent: Think with Images via Parallel Latent Visual Reasoning cites this paper.

DeepLatent: Think with Images via Parallel Latent Visual Reasoning Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 8

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T20:22:37.689533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation fec7cfe3-be82-43c3-bd30-567cfaef0b3d · inbound

Optical Reasoning: Rethinking Images as an Expressive Reasoning Medium Beyond Text cites this paper.

Optical Reasoning: Rethinking Images as an Expressive Reasoning Medium Beyond Text Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T01:17:30.485650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4cb4461a-e2cb-4d58-9746-9099114a909e · inbound

Bridging Interleaved Multi-Modal Reasoning as a Unified Decision Process cites this paper.

Bridging Interleaved Multi-Modal Reasoning as a Unified Decision Process Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T00:14:19.104498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.