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HTS-Attack: Heuristic Token Search for Jailbreaking Text-to-Image Models

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arxiv 2408.13896 v3 pith:VKPLJDTG submitted 2024-08-25 cs.CV cs.CR

classification cs.CVcs.CR
keywords modelsgradienthts-attackcandidatesheuristicsearchadversarialattacks
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Text-to-Image(T2I) models have achieved remarkable success in image generation and editing, yet these models still have many potential issues, particularly in generating inappropriate or Not-Safe-For-Work(NSFW) content. Strengthening attacks and uncovering such vulnerabilities can advance the development of reliable and practical T2I models. Most of the previous works treat T2I models as white-box systems, using gradient optimization to generate adversarial prompts. However, accessing the model's gradient is often impossible in real-world scenarios. Moreover, existing defense methods, those using gradient masking, are designed to prevent attackers from obtaining accurate gradient information. While several black-box jailbreak attacks have been explored, they achieve the limited performance of jailbreaking T2I models due to difficulties associated with optimization in discrete spaces. To address this, we propose HTS-Attack, a heuristic token search attack method. HTS-Attack begins with an initialization that removes sensitive tokens, followed by a heuristic search where high-performing candidates are recombined and mutated. This process generates a new pool of candidates, and the optimal adversarial prompt is updated based on their effectiveness. By incorporating both optimal and suboptimal candidates, HTS-Attack avoids local optima and improves robustness in bypassing defenses. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our method in attacking the latest prompt checkers, post-hoc image checkers, securely trained T2I models, and online commercial models.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. ZIUM: Zero-Shot Intent-Aware Adversarial Attack on Unlearned Models

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ZIUM attacks unlearned diffusion models by optimizing an image-captioning module that turns a target image into a text embedding, then reuses that module zero-shot on unseen images of the same unlearned concept.

  2. Red-Teaming Text-to-Image Systems by Rule-based Preference Modeling

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RPG-RT iteratively fine-tunes an LLM with rule-based preferences from a decoupled CLIP scoring model, letting it rewrite prompts that bypass unknown safety defenses in black-box text-to-image systems.

  3. GIFT: Gradient-aware Immunization of diffusion models against malicious Fine-Tuning with safe concepts retention

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    GIFT immunizes diffusion models against malicious fine-tuning by combining loss maximization and representation noising, preserving safe concept generation.

  4. Trojan Horse Prompting: Jailbreaking Conversational Multimodal Models by Forging Assistant Message

    cs.AI 2025-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Trojan Horse Prompting injects malicious instructions into a fabricated assistant message in the API chat history, aiming to bypass Gemini's safety filters, but no quantitative evidence is provided.

  5. Dynamic Optimization and Safety Indicator Injection for Jailbreaking Text-to-Image Models with Multimodal Safety Filters

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The OptJail framework (called GhostPrompt in the body) uses dynamic LLM rewriting with filter and CLIP feedback, plus bandit-selected visual indicators, to bypass text and image safety filters in T2I models, reporting...

  6. PRJ: Perception-Retrieval-Judgement for Generated Images

    cs.CV 2025-06 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A new safety checker for AI-generated images, built from a vision-language model, retrieval-augmented knowledge lookup, and an LLM judge, reports higher detection rates and category-level toxicity scores than three ex...

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