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arxiv: 2605.23838 · v1 · pith:WPDANEPRnew · submitted 2026-05-22 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.mes-hall

Quantum critical collapse of a pinned vortex glass

David Perconte , Thibault Charpentier , Nikolaos Koutsopoulos , Kalpajit Roy , Nadjib Benchabane , Xiaoli Peng , Florent Blondelle , Fr\'ed\'eric Gay
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Mikhail Feigel'man Viktor Kabanov Benjamin Sac\'ep\'e
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 02:25 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mes-hall
keywords vortex glasssuperfluid densityquantum critical pointsuperconductor-insulator transitiondisordered superconductorsmicrowave spectroscopyindium oxidevortex pinning
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The pith

Vortex glass in disordered superconductors shows logarithmically resilient superfluid density that vanishes linearly at a continuous quantum critical point.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper tracks the superfluid density in amorphous indium oxide films using plasmonic microwave spectroscopy on patterned resonators as magnetic field increases toward the critical value B_c. It finds that the density falls only logarithmically across nearly three orders of magnitude in field, which the authors link to a collective pinning mechanism strengthened by vortex-vortex interactions, in contrast to the fast power-law drop expected for ordered vortex lattices. At B_c the density then drops linearly to zero, coinciding with a continuous quantum critical point seen in magnetoresistance data, whereas the zero-field transition is abrupt. The work also reports a large positive Kerr effect in the nonlinear electromagnetic response of this vortex-glass state.

Core claim

In the vortex-glass phase stabilized by strong disorder, the superfluid density decreases only logarithmically with magnetic field over a wide range because of a collective vortex-pinning mechanism that is enhanced rather than weakened by vortex-vortex interactions; the density then vanishes linearly at the critical field B_c, where magnetoresistance measurements establish a continuous quantum critical point separating the superconductor from the insulator, in contrast to the discontinuous transition observed at zero field.

What carries the argument

Plasmonic microwave spectroscopy of superconducting resonators that directly measures the superfluid density, combined with independent magnetoresistance to locate the continuous quantum critical point at B_c.

If this is right

  • The pinned vortex glass is the intermediate state that controls how the superconductor-insulator transition occurs under applied magnetic field.
  • Disorder sets the value of the critical field B_c through the enhanced collective pinning.
  • The vortex glass produces an exceptionally large positive Kerr nonlinearity in its electromagnetic response.
  • The transition at finite field is continuous and quantum critical, unlike the abrupt transition at zero field.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar logarithmic resilience might appear in other strongly pinned vortex systems if the same interaction-enhanced pinning dominates.
  • The reported Kerr effect could be tested for use in field-tunable nonlinear devices operating near the quantum critical point.
  • Mapping how the logarithmic regime ends as disorder strength is varied would test whether the pinning mechanism is universal.

Load-bearing premise

Plasmonic microwave spectroscopy of the resonators measures the superfluid density quantitatively without significant contamination from other electromagnetic modes or losses all the way up to B_c.

What would settle it

A measured power-law decay of superfluid density with field, or a discontinuous jump in resistance at B_c instead of continuous critical behavior, would contradict the reported logarithmic resilience and linear collapse.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.23838 by Benjamin Sac\'ep\'e, David Perconte, Florent Blondelle, Fr\'ed\'eric Gay, Kalpajit Roy, Mikhail Feigel'man, Nadjib Benchabane, Nikolaos Koutsopoulos, Thibault Charpentier, Viktor Kabanov, Xiaoli Peng.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1: Superconducting plasmons in the mixed state. a, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2: Interaction-induced collective pinning of the vortex glass. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3: Magnetic-field-driven superconductor-insulator transition. a, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4: Positive Kerr nonlinearity and dissipation. a, c, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The interplay between disorder and vortex--vortex interactions in strongly disordered superconductors in a magnetic field can stabilize a vortex-glass state, characterized by strong pinning and the absence of positional order. Yet its role in the destruction of superconductivity at the field-driven superconductor--insulator transition has remained unresolved. Here we use plasmonic microwave spectroscopy of superconducting resonators patterned from amorphous indium oxide thin films to directly track the superfluid density up to the critical field $B_c$. We find an unexpected resilience of the superfluid density, which decreases only logarithmically over nearly three orders of magnitude in field, in stark contrast to the rapid power-law suppression expected for vortex lattices. We attribute this anomalously slow decay to a collective vortex-pinning mechanism counterintuitively enhanced by vortex--vortex interactions. The superfluid density then vanishes linearly at $B_c$, where independent magnetoresistance measurements identify a continuous quantum critical point, unlike the abrupt transition observed at zero field. We further uncover an exceptionally large nonlinear electromagnetic response of the vortex glass, manifested as a pronounced positive-Kerr effect with potential for quantum sensing. These results show how disorder controls the critical magnetic field and identify the vortex glass as the key intermediate state governing the magnetic-field-induced superconductor--insulator transition.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports plasmonic microwave spectroscopy measurements on patterned amorphous indium oxide thin-film resonators that track the superfluid density through the vortex-glass regime up to the critical field B_c. It claims a logarithmically slow decrease in superfluid density over nearly three orders of magnitude in field (contrasting with power-law suppression expected for vortex lattices), attributed to collective pinning enhanced by vortex-vortex interactions; the density then vanishes linearly at B_c, where magnetoresistance data indicate a continuous quantum critical point (unlike the abrupt zero-field transition). A large positive Kerr effect in the nonlinear response is also reported, with implications for disorder-controlled critical fields and quantum sensing.

Significance. If the logarithmic resilience and linear vanishing are robustly supported by the data, the work would clarify the role of the pinned vortex glass as the intermediate state in the field-driven superconductor-insulator transition, resolving open questions about disorder and pinning. The direct spectroscopic tracking of superfluid density combined with independent magnetoresistance confirmation of the continuous QCP is a methodological strength. The reported Kerr effect adds potential applied interest. These elements would constitute a notable advance in strongly disordered superconductors.

major comments (2)
  1. [Experimental methods / data analysis] The central claim of logarithmic decay and quantitative superfluid density relies on the plasmonic spectroscopy directly tracking the density without mode contamination or loss contributions up to B_c. The manuscript must supply explicit calibration details, mode-purity analysis, and error propagation in the relevant experimental section to substantiate this assumption.
  2. [Results on field dependence of superfluid density] The linear vanishing of superfluid density at B_c and its coincidence with the magnetoresistance-identified continuous QCP is load-bearing for the quantum-critical-collapse interpretation. The manuscript should include the explicit fitting procedure, goodness-of-fit metrics, and direct overlay of the two independent determinations of B_c (with uncertainties) to confirm consistency.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states 'nearly three orders of magnitude in field' without specifying the exact B range or temperature; this should be quantified in the main text with a table or figure reference.
  2. [Figures] Figure captions and legends should explicitly label the logarithmic and linear regimes, include error bars on all data points, and state the number of samples or resonators measured.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive comments and positive assessment of the significance of our work. We address each major comment below and will revise the manuscript to incorporate the requested details.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Experimental methods / data analysis] The central claim of logarithmic decay and quantitative superfluid density relies on the plasmonic spectroscopy directly tracking the density without mode contamination or loss contributions up to B_c. The manuscript must supply explicit calibration details, mode-purity analysis, and error propagation in the relevant experimental section to substantiate this assumption.

    Authors: We agree that these supporting details are necessary to fully substantiate the central claims. In the revised manuscript we will expand the experimental methods section to include: (i) explicit calibration procedures for converting resonator frequency shifts to superfluid density, (ii) a quantitative mode-purity analysis demonstrating negligible contamination or loss contributions up to B_c, and (iii) a complete error-propagation analysis with associated uncertainties. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results on field dependence of superfluid density] The linear vanishing of superfluid density at B_c and its coincidence with the magnetoresistance-identified continuous QCP is load-bearing for the quantum-critical-collapse interpretation. The manuscript should include the explicit fitting procedure, goodness-of-fit metrics, and direct overlay of the two independent determinations of B_c (with uncertainties) to confirm consistency.

    Authors: We accept that these elements are required to strengthen the quantum-critical-collapse interpretation. The revised manuscript will add: (i) the explicit linear fitting procedure applied to the superfluid density near B_c, (ii) goodness-of-fit metrics (including R² and reduced χ²), and (iii) a direct overlay figure comparing the two independent B_c determinations (plasmonic spectroscopy and magnetoresistance) together with their respective uncertainties. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: experimental measurements only

full rationale

The paper reports direct experimental tracking of superfluid density via plasmonic microwave spectroscopy on patterned resonators from amorphous indium oxide films, with observations of logarithmic resilience over field range and linear vanishing at B_c identified by independent magnetoresistance data. No derivations, fitted parameters renamed as predictions, self-citations as load-bearing premises, or ansatze are present in the described chain. The central claims rest on measured quantities and external corroboration rather than any reduction by construction to inputs.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The work is experimental; the central claims rest on standard interpretations of microwave response in superconductors and on the identification of a quantum critical point from transport data. No new free parameters, ad-hoc axioms, or invented entities are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Microwave spectroscopy of superconducting resonators provides a direct measure of superfluid density.
    Invoked when the abstract states that the technique is used to track superfluid density up to B_c.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5804 in / 1404 out tokens · 30274 ms · 2026-05-25T02:25:19.464898+00:00 · methodology

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Reference graph

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