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Joint CMB and BBN Constraints on Light Dark Sectors with Dark Radiation
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abstract
Dark sectors provide a compelling theoretical framework for thermally producing sub-GeV dark matter, and motivate an expansive new accelerator and direct-detection experimental program. We demonstrate the power of constraining such dark sectors using the measured effective number of neutrino species, $N_\text{eff}$, from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and primordial elemental abundances from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). As a concrete example, we consider a dark matter particle of arbitrary spin that interacts with the Standard Model via a massive dark photon, accounting for an arbitrary number of light degrees of freedom in the dark sector. We exclude dark matter masses below $\sim$ 4 MeV at 95% confidence for all dark matter spins and dark photon masses. These bounds hold regardless of additional new light, inert degrees of freedom in the dark sector, and for dark matter-electron scattering cross sections many orders of magnitude below current experimental constraints. The strength of these constraints will only continue to improve with future CMB experiments.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Migdal Ionization as a Probe of Light Dark Matter from Nuclear Transition
Migdal ionization of reactor-produced sub-MeV dark matter in TEXONO germanium yields new 95% C.L. limits on the reference DM–proton cross section for 0.01 MeV ≤ mχ ≲ 2.6 MeV.
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Light Vector Dark Matter via a Magnetic Dipole Portal: Bridging Direct Detection and Fixed-Target Searches
A sub-GeV vector DM model with a magnetic dipole portal is studied at LDMX/NA64, but the claimed viable region relies on an unjustified thermal equilibrium assumption.
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Cosmic-ray boosted inelastic dark matter from neutrino-emitting active galactic nuclei
A cosmic-ray boosted, inelastic dark matter flux from two neutrino-emitting AGNs gives new Super-K and XENONnT limits that reach part of the thermal freeze-out target for sub-GeV dark matter.
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Sub-GeV Dark Matter Under Pressure from Direct Detection
PandaX-4T S2-only data yields world-leading sub-GeV dark matter-electron scattering limits for heavy mediators in the 20-200 MeV range, although the result largely overlaps with the collaboration's own just-released analysis.
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