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Answering Complex Open-Domain Questions with Multi-Hop Dense Retrieval

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arxiv 2009.12756 v2 pith:WYIMZ3IT submitted 2020-09-27 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords multi-hopansweringcomplexdensehotpotqaopen-domainquestionsretrieval
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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We propose a simple and efficient multi-hop dense retrieval approach for answering complex open-domain questions, which achieves state-of-the-art performance on two multi-hop datasets, HotpotQA and multi-evidence FEVER. Contrary to previous work, our method does not require access to any corpus-specific information, such as inter-document hyperlinks or human-annotated entity markers, and can be applied to any unstructured text corpus. Our system also yields a much better efficiency-accuracy trade-off, matching the best published accuracy on HotpotQA while being 10 times faster at inference time.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. MINTQA: A Multi-Hop Question Answering Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on New and Tail Knowledge

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    MINTQA provides 28,366 multi-hop QA pairs across popular/unpopular and old/new knowledge, with sub-questions, and shows that even the best LLMs achieve only about 62% accuracy even with retrieval.

  2. Retrieving a Set, Not Independent Passages: Set-Level Compatibility Learning for Efficient Set Exploration

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    Set-level margin training that ranks complete gold-compatible passage sets above incomplete or noisy ones, implemented with ParaSet exploration and SetCE reranking, improves multi-hop retrieval and QA and complements ...

  3. Context is Gold to find the Gold Passage: Evaluating and Training Contextual Document Embeddings

    cs.IR 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new benchmark (ConTEB) and training method (InSeNT) show that context-aware chunk embeddings greatly improve retrieval on context-dependent queries, with minimal computational overhead.

  4. HyCE-RAG: Hypergraph Chain-of-Evidence Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering

    cs.AI 2026-06 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Organizing retrieved evidence into confidence-scored hypergraph chains is reported to lift multi-hop QA accuracy, context relevance, and faithfulness by 11–30 points over vector and graph RAG baselines on five benchmarks.

  5. DeepResearch-9K: A Challenging Benchmark Dataset of Deep-Research Agent

    cs.AI 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A synthetic benchmark of 9,000 multi-hop web-research questions with difficulty tiers and teacher-generated search trajectories, plus an open-source RL training framework that reportedly lets 3B-parameter agents beat ...

  6. ComposeRAG: A Modular and Composable RAG for Corpus-Grounded Multi-Hop Question Answering

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A modular, verifier-driven RAG pipeline with iterative re-decomposition outperforms fine-tuned and agentic baselines on four multi-hop QA benchmarks.

  7. Tree-Based Text Retrieval via Hierarchical Clustering in RAGFrameworks: Application on Taiwanese Regulations

    cs.IR 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A hierarchical clustering tree with cosine-similarity centroids can replace top-k retrieval in RAG and improve expert-rated legal answers without tuning k.

  8. Fact in Fragments: Deconstructing Complex Claims via LLM-based Atomic Fact Extraction and Verification

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    AFEV iteratively decomposes complex claims into atomic facts, verifies each with reranked evidence and dynamic demonstrations, and reports state-of-the-art results on five fact verification benchmarks.

  9. Enhancing Factual Accuracy and Citation Generation in LLMs via Multi-Stage Self-Verification

    cs.CL 2025-09 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    The paper proposes a four-stage self-verification prompting method but explicitly labels its experimental results as fabricated, so it cannot support its claimed gains.

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