On the foundation of Mechanics

This note is an extended version of "A note on the foundations of Mechanics", arXiv: 1404.1321 [math-ph]. A presentation of its contents was given in a talk in memorial homage to the professor Juan B. Sancho Guimer\'a. For this reason, it was written in spanish language. The matter of the note is a systematic foundation of the most classical part of Mechanics. The content by sections is: 0) Notions and basic results, 1) Conservative systems 2) Time. Time constraints, 3) Proper time. Relativistic forces, 4) Electromagnetic fields, 5) On the Hamilton-Noether Principle, 6) Schr\"odinger equation.