pith. sign in

arxiv: 2507.03550 · v3 · pith:XTH2UZKLnew · submitted 2025-07-04 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.mes-hall· physics.optics

Ultrafast manipulation of magnetic skyrmions by microwave fields

Xingdi Wang , Haiming Dong , Kai Chang This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 00:30 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hallphysics.optics
keywords magnetic skyrmionsinertial dynamicsThiele equationinverse Faraday effectmicrowave manipulationtopological chargegyration dynamicsultrafast control
0
0 comments X

The pith

Skyrmion inertia turns continuous microwave paths into polygonal orbits and sustains gyration after pulses.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows that adding an inertial mass term to the equation for skyrmion motion under circularly polarized microwave driving via the inverse Faraday effect produces new trajectory behaviors. Under steady driving the paths shift from smooth spirals to angular polygons because the mass prevents simple damping. After a short pulse ends the skyrmions continue to gyrate, exposing the system's natural relaxation time scales. Trajectory direction depends on the skyrmion topological charge and the microwave polarization sense, so left-circular fields pull textures inward while right-circular fields push them outward. Adjusting damping, drive strength, frequency and mass value controls whether the motion stays oscillatory or becomes overdamped.

Core claim

By adding an inertial mass term to the Thiele equation and deriving the forces from the microwave-induced inverse Faraday effect, continuous-wave circularly polarized excitation produces polygonal orbits rather than smooth spirals while pulsed excitation produces sustained post-pulse gyration that reveals intrinsic relaxation dynamics. Handedness is fixed by topological charge and microwave helicity, with left-circular polarization attracting skyrmions to the beam center and right-circular polarization repelling them.

What carries the argument

Inertial mass term added to the Thiele equation under microwave-induced inverse Faraday effect, which governs the change from spiral to polygonal trajectories and the appearance of post-pulse gyration.

Load-bearing premise

The inertial mass term added to the Thiele equation accurately captures the dynamics under microwave-induced inverse Faraday effect without higher-order corrections or material-specific adjustments.

What would settle it

Direct imaging of skyrmion trajectories under continuous circularly polarized microwave irradiation that shows clear polygonal orbits rather than smooth spirals, or continued gyration after the microwave pulse is removed.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2507.03550 by Haiming Dong, Kai Chang, Xingdi Wang.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: shows the helical motion trajectories of mag￾netic skyrmions with topological charges Q = ±1 driven under ω = 0.55 THz circularly polarized lasers within t = 20 ps, revealing the combined regulatory effect of the topological charge and the chirality of the light field on the skyrmion dynamics. The topological charge Q deter￾mines the direction of helical motion. When driven by the same chiral circularly po… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: illustrates the variations in the velocity compo￾nents vx (in red) and vy (in blue) of magnetic skyrmions with topological charges Q = ±1 within the balance of the gyroscopic force, dissipative force, and optical field force acting on the skyrmion, as described in equation 22, driven by circularly polarized lasers operating at a fre￾quency of ω = 1.0 THz. This result highlights the inter￾play between the t… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. The normalized THz absorption spectrum [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. The THz resonance frequency [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: illustrates how the topological charge Q and the damping effect influence the THz response of mag￾netic skyrmions by examining the THz absorption spec￾trum (see [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We theoretically investigate the inertial dynamics of magnetic skyrmions driven by circularly polarized microwave-induced inverse Faraday effect (MIFE). By incorporating an inertial mass term into the Thiele equation and analytically deriving the microwave-induced magnetic fields and forces, we demonstrate fundamentally distinct dynamical regimes under continuous-wave (CW) versus pulsed excitation. Skyrmion inertia qualitatively transforms trajectories from smooth spirals to polygonal orbits under continuous driving, while enabling sustained post-pulse gyration that reveals the system's intrinsic relaxation dynamics. The handedness of the trajectory is determined by the topological charge and circularly polarized microwave (CPM) helicity: a left-circularly polarized (LCP) CPM attracts skyrmions toward the beam center, while a right-circularly polarized (RCP) CPM repels them. Systematic parameter analysis reveals how Gilbert damping, the intensity and frequency of CPM, and skyrmion mass control the transition between oscillatory and overdamped dynamical phases. Our work identifies inertia, topological charge, and CPM helicity as essential factors in ultrafast skyrmion manipulation and proposes a novel method for designing topological spin textures.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper theoretically investigates the inertial dynamics of magnetic skyrmions driven by circularly polarized microwave-induced inverse Faraday effect (MIFE). By adding a phenomenological inertial mass term to the Thiele equation and analytically deriving the effective forces from the microwave fields, the authors report that inertia qualitatively changes trajectories from smooth spirals to polygonal orbits under continuous-wave driving, enables sustained post-pulse gyration, and sets handedness via topological charge and CPM helicity (LCP attracts skyrmions to the beam center while RCP repels them). Systematic variation of Gilbert damping, CPM intensity/frequency, and skyrmion mass controls transitions between oscillatory and overdamped regimes.

Significance. If the central results hold, the work identifies inertia as a key control knob for ultrafast skyrmion manipulation and proposes a microwave-based protocol that could be relevant for spintronic applications. The analytic derivation of MIFE forces and the explicit demonstration of post-pulse relaxation dynamics are strengths that could be tested experimentally.

major comments (1)
  1. [Methods] Methods (inertial Thiele equation and force derivation): The central predictions rest on the rigid skyrmion profile assumption underlying both the inertial mass term and the topological force. The analytic MIFE force derivation does not include a self-consistent check (e.g., via micromagnetic simulation or linear stability analysis) that the quoted CPM intensities leave the skyrmion radius and magnetization profile undeformed. If breathing or deformation modes are excited, both the effective mass and the gyroscopic terms acquire corrections that could eliminate the polygonal-orbit regime or reverse the reported handedness.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the statement that 'handedness is determined by the topological charge and CPM helicity' should be accompanied by a brief qualifier that this holds within the rigid-profile approximation.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We are grateful to the referee for their thorough review and insightful comments on our manuscript. We particularly appreciate the recognition of the potential significance of inertia in skyrmion manipulation. Below, we provide a point-by-point response to the major comment and outline the revisions we will make to address the concerns raised.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Methods] Methods (inertial Thiele equation and force derivation): The central predictions rest on the rigid skyrmion profile assumption underlying both the inertial mass term and the topological force. The analytic MIFE force derivation does not include a self-consistent check (e.g., via micromagnetic simulation or linear stability analysis) that the quoted CPM intensities leave the skyrmion radius and magnetization profile undeformed. If breathing or deformation modes are excited, both the effective mass and the gyroscopic terms acquire corrections that could eliminate the polygonal-orbit regime or reverse the reported handedness.

    Authors: We thank the referee for highlighting this key assumption in our approach. The inertial Thiele equation and the derivation of forces from the MIFE are based on the rigid skyrmion profile, which is a standard approximation in the field when the external drive does not strongly perturb the texture. For the CPM intensities and frequencies used in our calculations, the effective fields are sufficiently weak to justify this approximation, as the skyrmion remains stable against small perturbations. To strengthen the manuscript in response to this comment, we will include an additional paragraph in the Methods section providing a qualitative argument and order-of-magnitude estimate showing that the driving does not excite significant breathing modes. This will involve comparing the MIFE field strength to the effective anisotropy and exchange fields. We maintain that the reported qualitative behaviors, including the polygonal orbits and the handedness, are robust features arising from the inertial term and topology, and small corrections would not eliminate or reverse them. We will update the manuscript accordingly. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation is self-contained

full rationale

The paper adds an inertial mass term to the standard Thiele equation and analytically derives the effective forces from the inverse Faraday effect of circularly polarized microwaves. The reported transitions between spiral and polygonal orbits, post-pulse gyration, and handedness follow directly from solving the resulting differential equation under CW and pulsed driving. No quoted step reduces a prediction to a fitted input by construction, no self-citation is load-bearing for the central claims, and no ansatz is smuggled via prior work by the same authors. The model is presented as an extension with explicit assumptions; results are obtained by integration rather than being tautological with the inputs.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

3 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the standard Thiele framework plus an added inertial term whose validity is assumed; no explicit free parameters are fitted in the abstract, but Gilbert damping, microwave intensity, frequency, and skyrmion mass are treated as control variables whose values affect the phase diagram.

free parameters (3)
  • Gilbert damping
    Varied to control transition between oscillatory and overdamped phases; value not specified as fitted but scanned.
  • CPM intensity and frequency
    Control parameters whose specific values determine dynamical regimes.
  • Skyrmion inertial mass
    Introduced via the added term and scanned to reveal qualitative changes in trajectories.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The Thiele equation remains a valid reduced description when an inertial mass term is included for microwave-driven skyrmions.
    Invoked when the inertial term is incorporated to derive forces and solve trajectories.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5730 in / 1467 out tokens · 45070 ms · 2026-05-22T00:30:31.068909+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

79 extracted references · 79 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    (31) This result indicates that two terms dominate the reso- nance frequency ω0 driven by the chiral optical field

    [62], we can obtain the simplified approximate expres- sion for ω0, which is ω0 = 1 m |Gz| − α2D 2|Gz| . (31) This result indicates that two terms dominate the reso- nance frequency ω0 driven by the chiral optical field. The principal value of the resonance frequency is expressed as |Gz|/m, which is determined by the gyroscopic coupling term Gz ∝ Q and th...

    work page

  2. [2]

    Reichhardt, C

    C. Reichhardt, C. J. O. Reichhardt, and M. V. Miloˇ sevi´ c, Statics and dynamics of skyrmions interacting with disor- der and nanostructures, Reviews of Modern Physics 94, 035005 (2022)

    work page 2022

  3. [3]

    Iwasaki, M

    J. Iwasaki, M. Mochizuki, and N. Nagaosa, Current- induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries, Nature Nanotechnology 8, 742 (2013)

    work page 2013

  4. [4]

    Y. Ba, S. Zhuang, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Gao, H. Zhou, M. Chen, W. Sun, Q. Liu, G. Chai, J. Ma, Y. Zhang, H. Tian, H. Du, W. Jiang, C. Nan, J.-M. Hu, and Y. Zhao, Electric-field control of skyrmions in multifer- roic heterostructure via magnetoelectric coupling, Nature Communications 12, 322 (2021)

    work page 2021

  5. [5]

    R´ ozsa, M

    L. R´ ozsa, M. Weißenhofer, and U. Nowak, Spin waves in skyrmionic structures with various topological charges, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 33, 054001 (2020)

    work page 2020

  6. [6]

    Z. Wang, M. Guo, H.-A. Zhou, L. Zhao, T. Xu, R. Tomasello, H. Bai, Y. Dong, S.-G. Je, W. Chao, H.-S. Han, S. Lee, K.-S. Lee, Y. Yao, W. Han, C. Song, H. Wu, M. Carpentieri, G. Finocchio, M.-Y. Im, S.-Z. Lin, and W. Jiang, Thermal generation, manipulation and ther- moelectric detection of skyrmions, Nature Electronics 3, 672 (2020)

    work page 2020

  7. [7]

    Lepadatu, All-Optical Magnetothermoelastic Skyrmion Motion, Physical Review Applied 19, 044036 (2023)

    S. Lepadatu, All-Optical Magnetothermoelastic Skyrmion Motion, Physical Review Applied 19, 044036 (2023). 11

    work page 2023

  8. [8]

    Al Saidi, Y

    W. Al Saidi, Y. Dusch, M. T. Z. Myint, N. Tiercelin, and R. Sbiaa, Ultrafast skyrmion generation by plasmonic resonance, Physical Review B 109, 184427 (2024)

    work page 2024

  9. [9]

    Y. D. Kato, Y. Okamura, M. Hirschberger, Y. Tokura, and Y. Takahashi, Topological magneto-optical effect from skyrmion lattice, Nature Communications 14, 5416 (2023)

    work page 2023

  10. [10]

    J.-S. B. Tai, A. J. Hess, J.-S. Wu, and I. I. Smalyukh, Field-controlled dynamics of skyrmions and monopoles, Science Advances 10, eadj9373 (2024)

    work page 2024

  11. [11]

    Kazemi, A

    M. Kazemi, A. Kudlis, P. F. Bessarab, and I. A. She- lykh, All-optical control of skyrmion configuration in CrI3monolayer, Scientific Reports 14, 11677 (2024)

    work page 2024

  12. [12]

    L. Fang, H. Wang, Y. Liang, H. Cao, and J. Wang, Spin- orbit mapping of light, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 233901 (2021)

    work page 2021

  13. [13]

    Vi˜ nas Bostr¨ om, A

    E. Vi˜ nas Bostr¨ om, A. Rubio, and C. Verdozzi, Micro- scopic theory of light-induced ultrafast skyrmion excita- tion in transition metal films, npj Computational Mate- rials 8, 62 (2022)

    work page 2022

  14. [14]

    X. Lei, A. Yang, X. Chen, L. Du, P. Shi, Q. Zhan, and X. Yuan, Skyrmionic spin textures in nonparaxial light, Advanced Photonics 7, 016009 (2025)

    work page 2025

  15. [15]

    Lepadatu, Emergence of transient domain wall skyrmions after ultrafast demagnetization, Phys

    S. Lepadatu, Emergence of transient domain wall skyrmions after ultrafast demagnetization, Phys. Rev. B 102, 094402 (2020)

    work page 2020

  16. [16]

    Fujita and M

    H. Fujita and M. Sato, Ultrafast generation of skyrmionic defects with vortex beams: Printing laser profiles on mag- nets, Phys. Rev. B 95, 054421 (2017)

    work page 2017

  17. [17]

    S. H. Guan, Y. Liu, Z. P. Hou, D. Y. Chen, Z. Fan, M. Zeng, X. B. Lu, X. S. Gao, M. H. Qin, and J.-M. Liu, Optically controlled ultrafast dynamics of skyrmion in antiferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 107, 214429 (2023)

    work page 2023

  18. [18]

    J. Chen, J. Hu, and H. Yu, Chiral emission of exchange spin waves by magnetic skyrmions, ACS Nano 15, 4372 (2021)

    work page 2021

  19. [19]

    Lee and M

    M.-K. Lee and M. Mochizuki, Reservoir computing with spin waves in a skyrmion crystal, Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 014074 (2022)

    work page 2022

  20. [20]

    D. M. Krichevsky, D. O. Ignatyeva, and V. I. Belotelov, Inverse Faraday effect at Mie resonances, Physical Re- view Applied 22, 064087 (2024)

    work page 2024

  21. [21]

    C. D. Stanciu, F. Hansteen, A. V. Kimel, A. Tsukamoto, A. Itoh, A. Kirilyuk, and Th. Rasing, Ultrafast interac- tion of the angular momentum of photons with spins in the metallic amorphous alloy GdFeCo, Physical Review Letters 98, 207401 (2007)

    work page 2007

  22. [22]

    Y. Peng, D. Salomoni, G. Malinowski, W. Zhang, J. Hohlfeld, L. D. Buda-Prejbeanu, J. Gorchon, M. Verg` es, J. X. Lin, D. Lacour, R. C. Sousa, I. L. Pre- jbeanu, S. Mangin, and M. Hehn, In-plane reorientation induced single laser pulse magnetization reversal, Nature Communications 14, 5000 (2023)

    work page 2023

  23. [23]

    R. R. Subkhangulov, R. V. Mikhaylovskiy, A. K. Zvezdin, V. V. Kruglyak, Th. Rasing, and A. V. Kimel, Terahertz modulation of the faraday rotation by laser pulses via the optical kerr effect, Nature Photonics 10, 111 (2016)

    work page 2016

  24. [24]

    J. Shen, H. W. Zhang, and Y. X. Li, Terahertz emission of ferromagnetic Ni-Fe thin films excited by ultrafast laser pulses, Chinese Physics Letters 29, 067502 (2012)

    work page 2012

  25. [25]

    Y. Li, L. Pierobon, M. Charilaou, H.-B. Braun, N. R. Walet, J. F. L¨ offler, J. J. Miles, and C. Moutafis, Tunable terahertz oscillation arising from bloch-point dynamics in chiral magnets, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033006 (2020)

    work page 2020

  26. [26]

    Zhang, Z

    J. Zhang, Z. Wang, Z. Li, T. Li, S. Liu, J. Zhang, R.-J. Zhang, Q. Jin, Z. Shi, Y. Liu, Z. Sheng, and Z. Zhang, Sub-THz high spin precession frequency in van der waals ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, Nano Letters 24, 12204 (2024)

    work page 2024

  27. [27]

    B¨ uttner, C

    F. B¨ uttner, C. Moutafis, M. Schneider, B. Kr¨ uger, C. M. G¨ unther, J. Geilhufe, C. v. K. Schmising, J. Mohanty, B. Pfau, S. Schaffert, A. Bisig, M. Foerster, T. Schulz, C. A. F. Vaz, J. H. Franken, H. J. M. Swagten, M. Kl¨ aui, and S. Eisebitt, Dynamics and inertia of skyrmionic spin structures, Nature Physics 11, 225 (2015)

    work page 2015

  28. [28]

    K. Wang, V. Bheemarasetty, J. Duan, S. Zhou, and G. Xiao, Fundamental physics and applications of skyrmions: A review, Journal of Magnetism and Mag- netic Materials 563, 169905 (2022)

    work page 2022

  29. [29]

    Makhfudz, B

    I. Makhfudz, B. Kr¨ uger, and O. Tchernyshyov, Inertia and Chiral Edge Modes of a Skyrmion Magnetic Bubble, Physical Review Letters 109, 217201 (2012)

    work page 2012

  30. [30]

    Huang, Y

    L. Huang, Y. Cao, H. Qiu, H. Bai, L. Liao, C. Chen, L. Han, F. Pan, B. Jin, and C. Song, Terahertz oscilla- tion driven by optical spin-orbit torque, Nature Commu- nications 15, 7227 (2024)

    work page 2024

  31. [31]

    Wang, G.-h

    X.-g. Wang, G.-h. Guo, V. K. Dugaev, J. Barna´ s, J. Be- rakdar, S. S. P. Parkin, A. Ernst, and L. Chotorlishvili, Steering skyrmions with microwave and terahertz electric pulses, Physical Review B 107, 94404 (2023)

    work page 2023

  32. [32]

    Sch¨ utte, J

    C. Sch¨ utte, J. Iwasaki, A. Rosch, and N. Nagaosa, Iner- tia, diffusion, and dynamics of a driven skyrmion, Phys. Rev. B 90, 174434 (2014)

    work page 2014

  33. [33]

    Psaroudaki, S

    C. Psaroudaki, S. Hoffman, J. Klinovaja, and D. Loss, Quantum Dynamics of Skyrmions in Chiral Magnets, Phys. Rev. X 7, 41045 (2017)

    work page 2017

  34. [34]

    Wang, H.-B

    D. Wang, H.-B. Braun, and Y. Zhou, Dynamical mass generation for ferromagnetic skyrmions in two dimen- sions, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials564, 170062 (2022)

    work page 2022

  35. [35]

    Jiang, X

    W. Jiang, X. Zhang, G. Yu, W. Zhang, X. Wang, M. Ben- jamin Jungfleisch, J. E. Pearson, X. Cheng, O. Heinonen, K. L. Wang, Y. Zhou, A. Hoffmann, and S. G. E. te Velthuis, Direct observation of the skyrmion hall ef- fect, Nature Physics 13, 162 (2017)

    work page 2017

  36. [36]

    W. Yang, H. Yang, Y. Cao, and P. Yan, Photonic orbital angular momentum transfer and magnetic skyrmion ro- tation, Optics Express 26, 8778 (2018)

    work page 2018

  37. [37]

    Kirilyuk, A

    A. Kirilyuk, A. V. Kimel, and T. Rasing, Ultrafast opti- cal manipulation of magnetic order, Reviews of Modern Physics 82, 2731 (2010)

    work page 2010

  38. [38]

    J. Liu, C. Song, L. Zhao, L. Cai, H. Feng, B. Zhao, M. Zhao, Y. Zhou, L. Fang, and W. Jiang, Manipulation of skyrmion by magnetic field gradients: A stern–gerlach- like experiment, Nano Letters 23, 4931 (2023)

    work page 2023

  39. [39]

    L. Hong, C. Xu, and H. Xiang, Evaluating gilbert damp- ing in magnetic insulators from first-principles, Phys. Rev. B 109, 094429 (2024)

    work page 2024

  40. [40]

    Lin, Dynamics and inertia of a skyrmion in chi- ral magnets and interfaces: A linear response approach based on magnon excitations, Phys

    S.-Z. Lin, Dynamics and inertia of a skyrmion in chi- ral magnets and interfaces: A linear response approach based on magnon excitations, Phys. Rev. B 96, 014407 (2017)

    work page 2017

  41. [41]

    Romming, A

    N. Romming, A. Kubetzka, C. Hanneken, K. von Bergmann, and R. Wiesendanger, Field-Dependent Size and Shape of Single Magnetic Skyrmions, Physical Re- view Letters 114, 177203 (2015)

    work page 2015

  42. [42]

    X. S. Wang, H. Y. Yuan, and X. R. Wang, A theory on skyrmion size, Communications Physics 1, 31 (2018). 12

    work page 2018

  43. [43]

    H. M. Dong, P. P. Fu, Y. F. Duan, and K. Chang, Tuning nano-skyrmions and nano-skyrmioniums in Janus mag- nets, Nanoscale 15, 15643 (2023)

    work page 2023

  44. [44]

    Finocchio, F

    G. Finocchio, F. B¨ uttner, R. Tomasello, M. Carpentieri, and M. Kl¨ aui, Magnetic skyrmions: From fundamental to applications, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49, 423001 (2016)

    work page 2016

  45. [45]

    J. P. Van Der Ziel, P. S. Pershan, and L. D. Malmstrom, Optically-induced magnetization resulting from the in- verse faraday effect, Physical Review Letters 15, 190 (1965)

    work page 1965

  46. [46]

    P. S. Pershan, J. P. van der Ziel, and L. D. Malmstrom, Theoretical discussion of the inverse faraday effect, ra- man scattering, and related phenomena, Phys. Rev. 143, 574 (1966)

    work page 1966

  47. [47]

    Holleis, J

    L. Holleis, J. C. Prestigiacomo, Z. Fan, S. Nishimoto, M. Osofsky, G.-W. Chern, J. Van Den Brink, and B. S. Shivaram, Anomalous and anisotropic nonlinear suscep- tibility in the proximate kitaev magnet α-RuCl3, npj Quantum Materials 6, 66 (2021)

    work page 2021

  48. [48]

    A. Fert, N. Reyren, and V. Cros, Magnetic skyrmions: Advances in physics and potential applications, Nature Reviews Materials 2, 17031 (2017)

    work page 2017

  49. [49]

    P. S. Pershan, Nonlinear optical properties of solids: En- ergy considerations, Physical Review 130, 919 (1963)

    work page 1963

  50. [50]

    P. S. Pershan, J. P. Van Der Ziel, and L. D. Malmstrom, Theoretical discussion of the inverse faraday effect, ra- man scattering, and related phenomena, Phys. Rev. 143, 574 (1966)

    work page 1966

  51. [51]

    O. H.-C. Cheng, D. H. Son, and M. Sheldon, Light- induced magnetism in plasmonic gold nanoparticles, Na- ture Photonics 14, 365 (2020)

    work page 2020

  52. [52]

    Mugiraneza and A

    S. Mugiraneza and A. M. Hallas, Tutorial: A begin- ner’s guide to interpreting magnetic susceptibility data with the Curie-Weiss law, Communications Physics 5, 95 (2022)

    work page 2022

  53. [53]

    Basini, M

    M. Basini, M. Pancaldi, B. Wehinger, M. Udina, V. Unikandanunni, T. Tadano, M. C. Hoffmann, A. V. Balatsky, and S. Bonetti, Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO3, Nature 628, 534 (2024)

    work page 2024

  54. [54]

    N. A. Salmon and S. R. Hoon, A millimeter-wave Bell Test using a ferrite parametric amplifier and a homodyne interferometer, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Ma- terials 501, 166435 (2020)

    work page 2020

  55. [55]

    Dmitriev, G

    V. Dmitriev, G. Gurzadyan, and D. Nikogosyan, Hand- book of Nonlinear Optical Crystals , Springer Series in Op- tical Sciences (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013)

    work page 2013

  56. [56]

    D. Zhu, Z. Wang, X. Xu, W. Du, W. Huang, Y. Kuai, B. Yu, J. Zheng, Z. Hu, and S. Li, Circularly polarized lasing from chiral metal-organic frameworks, Photonics Research 12, 1654 (2024)

    work page 2024

  57. [57]

    Katsantonis, A

    I. Katsantonis, A. C. Tasolamprou, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and M. Kafesaki, Ultrathin, dynamically controllable circularly polarized emission laser enabled by resonant chiral metasurfaces, ACS Photonics 12, 71 (2025)

    work page 2025

  58. [58]

    Z. Shao, Q. Dong, D. Yue, H. Teng, Z. Wei, M. Chen, and J. Zhang, Quantum electrodynamics study of polar- ization effects on the properties of high harmonics of an intense ultrashort laser pulse interacting with relativistic electrons, Phys. Rev. A 110, 033117 (2024)

    work page 2024

  59. [59]

    Chen, Skyrmion hall effect, Nature Physics 13, 112 (2017)

    G. Chen, Skyrmion hall effect, Nature Physics 13, 112 (2017)

    work page 2017

  60. [60]

    Brearton, L

    R. Brearton, L. A. Turnbull, J. A. T. Verezhak, G. Bal- akrishnan, P. D. Hatton, G. van der Laan, and T. Hes- jedal, Deriving the skyrmion Hall angle from skyrmion lattice dynamics, Nature Communications 12, 2723 (2021)

    work page 2021

  61. [61]

    W. Wang, D. Song, W. Wei, P. Nan, S. Zhang, B. Ge, M. Tian, J. Zang, and H. Du, Electrical manipulation of skyrmions in a chiral magnet, Nature Communications 13, 1593 (2022)

    work page 2022

  62. [62]

    H. F. Du and X. R. Wang, Progress and challenges in magnetic skyrmionics, Chinese Physics B 31, 087507 (2022)

    work page 2022

  63. [63]

    Qin, G.-J

    H. Qin, G.-J. Both, S. J. H¨ am¨ al¨ ainen, L. Yao, and S. van Dijken, Low-loss YIG-based magnonic crystals with large tunable bandgaps, Nature Communications 9, 5445 (2018)

    work page 2018

  64. [64]

    Kumar, B

    R. Kumar, B. Samantaray, S. Das, K. Lal, D. Samal, and Z. Hossain, Damping in yttrium iron garnet films with interface, Phys. Rev. B 106, 054405 (2022)

    work page 2022

  65. [65]

    Azadian, M

    S. Azadian, M. Tehranchi, S. M. Mohseni, and S. M. Mohseni, Reduction and control of permalloy thin film damping factor under microwave irradiation, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 723, 960 (2017)

    work page 2017

  66. [66]

    Weber, D.-S

    R. Weber, D.-S. Han, I. Boventer, S. Jaiswal, R. Lebrun, G. Jakob, and M. Kl¨ aui, Gilbert damping of cofe-alloys, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 52, 325001 (2019)

    work page 2019

  67. [67]

    X. He, Y. Yao, Z. Zhu, M. Chen, L. Zhu, W. Yang, Y. Yang, F. Wu, and J. Jiang, Active graphene meta- material absorber for terahertz absorption bandwidth, intensity and frequency control, Opt. Mater. Express 8, 1031 (2018)

    work page 2018

  68. [68]

    Rouzegar, M

    R. Rouzegar, M. A. Wahada, A. L. Chekhov, W. Hoppe, G. Bierhance, J. Jechumt´ al, L. N´ advorn´ ık, M. Wolf, T. S. Seifert, S. S. P. Parkin, G. Woltersdorf, P. W. Brouwer, and T. Kampfrath, Terahertz spin-conductance spectroscopy: Probing coherent and incoherent ultrafast spin tunneling, Nano Letters 24, 7852 (2024)

    work page 2024

  69. [69]

    Jonietz, S

    F. Jonietz, S. M¨ uhlbauer, C. Pfleiderer, A. Neubauer, W. M¨ unzer, A. Bauer, T. Adams, R. Georgii, P. B¨ oni, R. Duine, K. Everschor-Sitte, M. Garst, and A. Rosch, Spin transfer torques in mnsi at ultra-low current densi- ties, Science 330, 1648 (2010)

    work page 2010

  70. [70]

    Everschor, M

    K. Everschor, M. Garst, B. Binz, F. Jonietz, S. M¨ uhlbauer, C. Pfleiderer, and A. Rosch, Rotating skyrmion lattices by spin torques and field or temper- ature gradients, Phys. Rev. B 86, 054432 (2012)

    work page 2012

  71. [71]

    Gerlach and O

    W. Gerlach and O. Stern, Der experimentelle nachweis der richtungsquantelung im magnetfeld, Z. Phys. 9, 349 (1922)

    work page 1922

  72. [72]

    Zhang and Y

    J. Zhang and Y. Tanimura, Coherent two-dimensional thz magnetic resonance spectroscopies for molecular magnets: Analysis of dzyaloshinskii–moriya interaction, The Journal of Chemical Physics 159, 014102 (2023)

    work page 2023

  73. [73]

    K. M. Dorney, L. Rego, N. J. Brooks, J. San Rom´ an, C.- T. Liao, J. L. Ellis, D. Zusin, C. Gentry, Q. L. Nguyen, J. M. Shaw, A. Pic´ on, L. Plaja, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, and C. Hern´ andez-Garc´ ıa, Controlling the po- larization and vortex charge of attosecond high-harmonic beams via simultaneous spin–orbit momentum conserva- tion, Nature Photoni...

    work page 2019

  74. [74]

    Madhurima, S

    P. Madhurima, S. Tripathi, P. Mishra, K. Choudhury, P. Kumar, S. Kumar, and E. Banoth, Advances in non- destructive optical characterization techniques for engi- neered eye-on-a-chip devices: A comprehensive review, 13 Optics & Laser Technology 175, 110750 (2024)

    work page 2024

  75. [75]

    S. Kim, A. Krasnok, and A. Al` u, Complex-frequency ex- citations in photonics and wave physics, Science 387, eado4128 (2025)

    work page 2025

  76. [76]

    Kim, Y.-G

    S. Kim, Y.-G. Peng, S. Yves, and A. Al` u, Loss compen- sation and superresolution in metamaterials with excita- tions at complex frequencies, Phys. Rev. X 13, 041024 (2023)

    work page 2023

  77. [77]

    Jiang, C

    T. Jiang, C. Zhang, R.-Y. Zhang, Y. Yu, Z. Guan, Z. Wei, Z. Wang, X. Cheng, and C. T. Chan, Observation of non-hermitian boundary induced hybrid skin-topological effect excited by synthetic complex frequencies, Nature Communications 15, 10863 (2024)

    work page 2024

  78. [78]

    W. L. Fu, H. M. Dong, and K. Chang, Tilted chiral spin textures in confined nanostructures with in-plane mag- netic anisotropy, Physical Review B 111, 045422 (2025)

    work page 2025

  79. [79]

    Barati, M

    E. Barati, M. Cinal, D. M. Edwards, and A. Umerski, Gilbert damping in magnetic layered systems, Phys. Rev. B 90, 014420 (2014)

    work page 2014