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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III: Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole

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arxiv 2311.09479 v1 pith:YQCAAT4V submitted 2023-11-16 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GA

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration This is my paper · ORCID
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abstract

We present the first event-horizon-scale images and spatiotemporal analysis of Sgr A* taken with the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Imaging of Sgr A* has been conducted through surveys over a wide range of imaging assumptions using the classical CLEAN algorithm, regularized maximum likelihood methods, and a Bayesian posterior sampling method. Different prescriptions have been used to account for scattering effects by the interstellar medium towards the Galactic Center. Mitigation of the rapid intra-day variability that characterizes Sgr A* has been carried out through the addition of a "variability noise budget" in the observed visibilities, facilitating the reconstruction of static full-track images. Our static reconstructions of Sgr A* can be clustered into four representative morphologies that correspond to ring images with three different azimuthal brightness distributions, and a small cluster that contains diverse non-ring morphologies. Based on our extensive analysis of the effects of sparse $(u,v)$-coverage, source variability and interstellar scattering, as well as studies of simulated visibility data, we conclude that the Event Horizon Telescope Sgr A* data show compelling evidence for an image that is dominated by a bright ring of emission with a ring diameter of $\sim$ 50 $\mu$as, consistent with the expected "shadow" of a $4\times10^6 M_\odot$ black hole in the Galactic Center located at a distance of 8 kpc.

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Cited by 24 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The glow of eternal black holes

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    An eternal Schwarzschild black hole with an emitting surface at r=r_m would show a bright spot inside its shadow, whose interferometric visibility decays exponentially with baseline length.

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    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a rotating Lorentz-violating black hole, increasing the LV parameter shrinks and broadens Sgr A*'s image ring, and EHT data bound the parameter over a spin-dependent range.

  3. Purely Electric, Magnetic, and Dyonic Black Holes in Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg Theory

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  4. Dark matter environments and safeguards for spacetime inference from horizon scale interferometry

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using public 2017 M87* closure data, a frozen Kerr source fails an absolute adequacy test and the differential tidal-charge response fails numerical convergence, so no posterior or bound is reported.

  5. Constructing a gravitational wave analysis pipeline for extremely large mass ratio inspirals

    astro-ph.HE 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A hierarchical semi-coherent F-statistic plus particle-swarm pipeline recovers an injected Sgr A* XMRI from 90 days of simulated TianQin data with sub-percent parameter precision.

  6. Universality in quasinormal modes of a magnetized black hole

    gr-qc 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    For charged scalar perturbations of an Ernst-Schwarzschild black hole, the quasinormal-mode frequency scales as |q - q_c|^{1/2} near a critical charge q_c, with a mode-independent exponent.

  7. Dark Photon Polarimetry

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Dark photon polarimetry uses Faraday rotation of light from M87* and Sgr A* to set new limits on ultralight dark photon kinetic mixing.

  8. Perturbative black-hole and horizon solutions in gravity with explicit spacetime-symmetry breaking

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    New perturbative black hole solutions in an explicit spacetime-symmetry-breaking gravity EFT, with derived observables including three-horizon metrics when two coefficients are active.

  9. Photon Propagation and Black Hole Imaging in Kruglov Nonlinear Electrodynamics

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

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  10. Probing Lorentz Symmetry Violation through Lensing Observables of Rotating Black Holes

    gr-qc 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

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  11. Shadow constraints of charged black hole with scalar hair and gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    EHT shadow data constrain the EMCS black hole charge and scalar hair to about 0.1 and 0.01 levels, while LISA EMRI waveforms could reach 0.01 and 0.0001 levels.

  12. Quantum parameter-mass induced scalarization of qOS-black hole in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-scalar theory

    gr-qc 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder black hole, the heat capacity Davies points coincide exactly with the critical onset values for spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-scalar gravity.

  13. Novel charged black hole solutions in conformal Killing gravity

    gr-qc 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Three new charged black hole spacetimes in conformal Killing gravity reproduce the Sgr A* shadow size after parameter tuning.

  14. Multiscale probing of a Hernquist-type environmental black hole spacetime with the Sgr A* shadow and S2 orbital dynamics

    gr-qc 2026-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Observations of Sgr A*'s shadow and the S2 star's orbit constrain the Hernquist-type environmental halo compactness to below about 10^-4, while its radial scale stays bimodally degenerate.

  15. Observational Constraints on Kazakov-Solodukhin Quantum-Deformed Black Holes from M87$^*$ and Sgr A$^*$ Shadows

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

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  16. Constraints on extra charges in dyonic Kerr-Newman-Kasuya-Taub-NUT black hole from the observations of quasi-periodic oscillations

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

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  17. Two scalarizations of magnetically charged black holes

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    For a magnetically charged black hole in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-scalar theory with nonlinear electrodynamics, the paper derives thermodynamic relations, finds shadow-based mass constraints, and predicts two scalarizati...

  18. Thermodynamics and Shadows of Kerr black holes endowed with a global monopole charge

    gr-qc 2025-06 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The authors derive shadow and thermodynamic quantities for a Kerr-like metric with a global monopole term in Δ, and claim EHT observations constrain the monopole charge α.

  19. Extended uncertainty principle inspired black hole in a G\"odel Universe

    gr-qc 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A Godel-rotation-modified uncertainty principle is used to define a corrected black hole mass, producing enlarged horizon, shadow, and deflection with lower bounds a/M ~ 10^5 from EHT and PPN data.

  20. Shadow and geometric scattering analysis of a new black hole with magnetic charge

    gr-qc 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper derives a magnetically charged black hole metric with a tiny q^6/r^10 correction and claims EHT constraints on the charge, but its naked-singularity branches still have horizons.

  21. Analyzing Deflection Angles and Photon Sphere Dynamics of Magnetically Charged Black Holes in Nonlinear Electrodynamic

    gr-qc 2025-02 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A new closed-form weak deflection angle and shadow analysis for a magnetically charged NED black hole, with strong-field results that reduce to Schwarzschild after a mass redefinition.

  22. Periodical orbits and waveforms with spontaneous Lorentz symmetry-breaking in Kalb-Ramond gravity

    gr-qc 2024-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    For a Kalb-Ramond black hole, the Lorentz-violating parameter l shifts the radii and energies of the marginal and innermost stable orbits and changes the phase of gravitational waves from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals.

  23. Testing Extended Theories of Gravity via Black Hole Photon Rings

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    For Konoplya-Zhidenko deformed Schwarzschild black holes, epsilon controls photon sphere, shadow, and photon ring size while a2 and b2 are observationally degenerate, and EHT data constrain epsilon to about -0.09 to 0...

  24. Spacetime-curvature induced uncertainty principle: linking the large-structure global effects to the local black hole physics

    gr-qc 2024-11 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    The authors derive a black hole metric with a cosmological-constant-dependent effective mass and use EHT and VLBI data to put extremely weak bounds on a quantum parameter beta.

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