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Review of non-topological solitons in theories with $U(1)$-symmetry
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abstract
We provide a review of non-topological solitonic solutions arising in theories with a complex scalar field and global or gauge $U(1)$-symmetry. It covers Q-balls, homogeneous charged scalar condensates, and nonlinear localized holes and bulges in a classically stable condensate. A historical overview is followed by the discussion of properties of solutions, including their stability, from different perspectives. Solitons in models with additional massive degrees of freedom are also revisited, and their relation to one-field Q-balls is showed. We also discuss theories with a gauge field giving rise to gauged Q-balls and theories with dynamical gravity giving rise to boson stars.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Decay rate of PQ-ball
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Q-ball perturbation theory is shown to remain valid for wavepacket amplitudes below about 10^-2 of the Q-ball background, and the analysis is extended to two-field FLS Q-balls.
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Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
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