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Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other; comments on the parameter array

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arxiv math/0306291 v1 pith:ZMFE5L3R submitted 2003-06-19 math.RA math-phmath.COmath.MPmath.QAmath.RT

classification math.RAmath-phmath.COmath.MPmath.QAmath.RT
keywords matrixpairrepresentingparameterrespecttridiagonalarraybasis
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abstract

Let $K$ denote a field and let $V$ denote a vector space over $K$ with finite positive dimension. We consider an ordered pair of linear transformations $A:V\to V$ and $A^*:V\to V$ that satisfy conditions (i), (ii) below. (i) There exists a basis for $V$ with respect to which the matrix representing $A$ is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing $A^*$ is diagonal. (ii) There exists a basis for $V$ with respect to which the matrix representing $A$ is diagonal and the matrix representing $A^*$ is irreducible tridiagonal. We call such a pair a {\it Leonard pair} on $V$. The structure of any given Leonard pair is deterined by a certain sequence of scalars called its {\it parameter array}. The set of parameter arrays is an affine algebraic variety. We give two characterizations of this variety. One involves bidiagonal matrices and the other involves orthogonal polynomials.

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  1. Variations on a circular Hessenberg pair

    math.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Quasi-circular Hessenberg systems and systems satisfying the tridiagonal relations are the same family; the tridiagonal-relations family splits exactly into the circular and tridiagonal-Hessenberg cases.

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