Constraints from Dynamical Friction on the Dark Matter Content of Barred Galaxies

J. A. Sellwood; Victor P. Debattista

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Constraints from Dynamical Friction on the Dark Matter Content of Barred Galaxies

Victor P. Debattista, J. A. Sellwood

Astrophysics · Submitted 20 Jun 2000

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We conclude, therefore, that bars are able to maintain their observed high pattern speeds only if the halo has a central density low enough for the disk to provide most of the central attraction in the inner galaxy.

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arXiv IDastro-ph/0006275 (version 1)

Pith IDTQG7SII2, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationJ. A. Sellwood, Victor P. Debattista. "Constraints from Dynamical Friction on the Dark Matter Content of Barred Galaxies." arXiv:astro-ph/0006275 (2000). https://pith.science/paper/TQG7SII2

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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,276 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.28 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.09 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.10 · compares with prior results 0.19 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We show that bars in galaxy models having halos of moderate density and a variety of velocity distributions all experience a strong drag from dynamical friction unless the halo has large angular momentum in the same sense as the disk. The frictional drag decreases the bar pattern speed, driving the corotation point out to distances well in excess of those estimated in barred galaxies. The halo angular momentum required to avoid strong braking is unrealistically large, even when rotation is confined to the inner halo only. We conclude, therefore, that bars are able to maintain their observed high pattern speeds only if the halo has a central density low enough for the disk to provide most of the central attraction in the inner galaxy. We present evidence that this conclusion holds for all bright galaxies.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We show that bars in galaxy models having halos of moderate density and a variety of velocity distributions all experience a strong drag from dynamical friction unless the halo has large angular momentum in the same sense as the disk.	result 0.97	0.89	0.09	asserted 1.00
s1	The frictional drag decreases the bar pattern speed, driving the corotation point out to distances well in excess of those estimated in barred galaxies.	result 0.99	0.82	0.04	asserted 1.00
s2	The halo angular momentum required to avoid strong braking is unrealistically large, even when rotation is confined to the inner halo only.	result 0.90	0.80	0.06	asserted 1.00
s3	We conclude, therefore, that bars are able to maintain their observed high pattern speeds only if the halo has a central density low enough for the disk to provide most of the central attraction in the inner galaxy.	interpretation 0.86	0.84	0.93	asserted 0.97
s4	We present evidence that this conclusion holds for all bright galaxies.	result 0.52	0.80	0.12	asserted 0.97

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 0.66 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.92.

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arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We show that bars in galaxy models having halos of moderate density and a variety of velocity distributions all experience a strong drag from dynamical friction unless the halo has large angular momentum in the same sense as the disk. The frictional drag decreases the bar pattern speed, driving the corotation point out to distances well in excess of those estimated in barred galaxies. The halo angular momentum required to avoid strong braking is unrealistically large, even when rotation is confined to the inner halo only. We conclude, therefore, that bars are able to maintain their observed high pattern speeds only if the halo has a central density low enough for the disk to provide most of the central attraction in the inner galaxy. We present evidence that this conclusion holds for all bright galaxies.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

NOEMA$^\rm{3D}$: A deep view of cold gas flows in a barred spiral galaxy at $z\sim1$
astro-ph.GA 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Deep interferometric observations of a z≈1.12 barred spiral reveal bar-driven molecular inflows at a rate matching the galaxy's star formation rate of ~36 M⊙/yr.
GalPort: Investigation of the bar in action-angle space
astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

GalPort computes multi-timescale action-angle variables and orbital classifications for evolving barred galaxy simulations, with specialised bar phase-space analysis tools.
Self-interacting dark matter promotes bar formation in disk galaxies
astro-ph.GA 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

SIDM halos accelerate bar formation and growth in disk galaxies through enhanced angular momentum exchange, independent of core formation.
Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
astro-ph.CO 2016-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A boson of mass near 10^-22 eV reproduces large-scale cosmology while naturally producing cored halos, suppressing low-mass sub-halos, and slowing dynamical friction enough to keep Fornax's globular clusters in orbit.
Stellar bar occurrence in TNG50 and TNG100: disentangling environmental effects and assembly history at z = 0
astro-ph.GA 2026-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Bar fraction in simulated disc galaxies is primarily correlated with stellar mass and assembly time, with only a weak additional dependence on cluster-centric distance or host halo mass.

How later papers used it

101 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 95 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 15 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 17 of the 193 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

1 paper by the same authors is listed below: 1 used its method or tool.

Uses its method or tool 1 of 7 papers with this label · 1 by the same authors

By the same authors

The bar pattern speeds $$ are computed as the time derivative of the phase angle of the $m=2$ Fourier mode of star-particles, as done by [ref] .

Orbital support and evolution of flat profiles of bars (shoulders) (2023) (same authors) · Simulation global properties · 1.00

How the literature uses it

13 arXiv papers cite this in 20 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers whose main result relates to this one's

Found among the papers closest to this one by title and main claim. Pith's classifier compared each pair's main results and a second model family confirmed the relation; checked against two further families, shown conflicts agreed 118 times in 120 and shown same results 218 times in 239. The quoted sentence is the other paper's main claim.

States the same result 2 papers

There is somewhat meager observational evidence indicating that bars in real galaxies do rotate rapidly and we use our result to argue that dark matter halos must have a low central density in all high surface brightness disk galaxies, including the Milky Way.

Dynamical Friction and the Distribution of Dark Matter in Barred Galaxies · 0.94
By comparing this result with high-resolution numerical simulations of bars in dark matter halos, it is possible to conclude that these bars reside in maximal disks.

Bulge properties and dark matter content of early-type barred galaxies · 0.82

Papers citing it · 10 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as support 1 paper

Such dark matter dominated disks are stable against bar instability [ref] .

Self-interacting dark matter promotes bar formation in disk galaxies · Bar destruction at late-stage core collapse · 0.96

Cites it as background 6 papers

In the course of its evolution, a bar is expected to exchange angular momentum with the dark matter and outer disk (losing angular momentum) and slow down [ref] .

NOEMA$^\rm{3D}$: A deep view of cold gas flows in a barred spiral galaxy at $z\sim1$ · Bar pattern speed; a fast bar at high redshift · 0.88
Since the end of the last century, papers dealt with fundamental features of bars and their relations with the environment, as well as with dark matter [ref] .

The response of the inner dark matter halo to stellar bars · Introduction · 0.99
Resonant interactions can transfer angular momentum between the bar and halo, leading to bar slow-down, inner halo shape changes such as “shadow bars” or wakes, and reorientation of halo orbits in both prograde and retrograde halos [ref] .

Bar-halo interaction: the role of orbital anisotropy · Introduction · 0.86

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