Astrophysics · arXiv:astro-ph/9608020 v1 · submitted 5 Aug 1996
The Structure of Cosmic String Wakes
The paper says
“Since the initial perturbation is a velocity kick towards the plane behind the string and there is no initial Newtonian gravitational line source, the baryons are trapped in the center of the wake, leading to an enhanced baryon to dark matter ratio.”
from the abstract · picked out as the main claim by a classifier
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The paper
Abstract
The clustering of baryons and cold dark matter induced by a single moving string is analyzed numerically making use of a new three-dimensional Eulerian cosmological hydro code1) which is based on the PPM method to track the baryons and the PIC method to evolve the dark matter particles. A long straight string moving with a speed comparable to c induces a planar overdensity (a“wake"). Since the initial perturbation is a velocity kick towards the plane behind the string and there is no initial Newtonian gravitational line source, the baryons are trapped in the center of the wake, leading to an enhanced baryon to dark matter ratio. The cold coherent flow leads to very low post–shock temperatures of the baryonic fluid. In contrast, long strings with a lot of small-scale structure (which can be described by adding a Newtonian gravitational line source) move slowly and form filamentary objects. The large central pressure due to the gravitational potential causes the baryons to be expelled from the central regions and leads to a relative deficit in the baryon to dark matter ratio. In this case, the velocity of the baryons is larger, leading to high post-shock temperatures.
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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.09 · states limitation 0.10 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.12 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.06 · compares with prior results 0.15 · mentions code or data availability 0.03
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v1). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The clustering of baryons and cold dark matter induced by a single moving string is analyzed numerically making use of a new three-dimensional Eulerian cosmological hydro code$^{1)}$ which is based on the PPM method to track the baryons and the PIC method to evolve the dark matter particles. | method 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.04 | asserted 0.98 |
| A long straight string moving with a speed comparable to $c$ induces a planar overdensity (a``wake"). | result 0.57 | 0.29 | 0.17 | asserted 1.00 |
| Since the initial perturbation is a velocity kick towards the plane behind the string and there is no initial Newtonian gravitational line source, the baryons are trapped in the center of the wake, leading to an enhanced baryon to dark matter ratio. | result 0.53 | 0.77 | 0.20 | asserted 1.00 |
| The cold coherent flow leads to very low post--shock temperatures of the baryonic fluid. | result 0.98 | 0.83 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
| In contrast, long strings with a lot of small-scale structure (which can be described by adding a Newtonian gravitational line source) move slowly and form filamentary objects. | result 0.96 | 0.58 | 0.09 | asserted 0.96 |
| The large central pressure due to the gravitational potential causes the baryons to be expelled from the central regions and leads to a relative deficit in the baryon to dark matter ratio. | result 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
| In this case, the velocity of the baryons is larger, leading to high post-shock temperatures. | result 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.07 | asserted 1.00 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 1.00 · evidence from simulation or computation 1.00
What was examined, and what was not
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- arXiv listing abstract v1
Not examined
- full text
- figures and tables
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- S sections
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How the labels were made
Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,698 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.
Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON
Cited by 2 Pith papers
Reviewed papers on Pith that cite this one. The full citation record
- The 21 cm Signature of Cosmic String Wakes astro-ph.CO · Jun 2010
- Searching for Cosmic Strings in New Observational Windows astro-ph.CO · Jan 2013
How the literature uses it
8 arXiv papers cite this in 11 sentences
Papers whose main result relates to this one's
States the same result 1 paper
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In cosmic string wakes, cool streams of baryons collide and are trapped at the center of the wake causing an enhancement of baryons versus dark matter by a factor of 2.4.
Papers citing it · 6 sentences without a confident label
Compares with it 2 papers
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The numerical simulations of [ref] show that the density and temperature inside the shocked region are indeed roughly uniform and that the temperature obtained agrees with the values obtained here using analytical approximations.
The 21 cm Signature of Cosmic String Wakes · Cosmic Strings and Large-Scale Structure · 0.87
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Finally, we perform an N-body simulation to study the growth of the wake behind the moving string, comparing with previous work using Newtonian gravity, and the impulse as an initial condition [ref] .
Particle motion in weak relativistic gravitational fields · Introduction · 1.00
Cites it as support 2 papers
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This approximate analytical analysis has been confirmed in detailed hydrodynamical simulations [ref] .
The 21 cm Signature of Shock Heated and Diffuse Cosmic String Wakes · Cosmic Strings, Their Wakes and 21 cm Signatures · 0.97
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The hydrodynamical simulations of [ref] confirm the applicability of this assumption.
The 21 cm Signature of Cosmic String Wakes · Cosmic Strings and Large-Scale Structure · 0.98
Cites it as background 1 paper
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Wake formation is usually studied assuming that the dark matter is completely cold (see, however, the study of [ref] for wake formation if the dark matter is hot, and [ref] for a study of the effects of baryons on the formation of a cold dark matter wake).
A Superfluid Dark Matter Cosmic String Wake · Introduction · 0.91
Challenges and discussion
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