An Overview of Gravitational-Wave Sources

Curt Cutler; Kip S. Thorne

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An Overview of Gravitational-Wave Sources

Curt Cutler, Kip S. Thorne

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 30 Apr 2002

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We review current best estimates of the strength and detectability of the gravitational waves from a variety of sources, for both ground-based and space-based detectors, and we describe the information carried by the waves.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.02 · states limitation 0.06 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.07 · compares with prior results 0.08 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

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We review current best estimates of the strength and detectability of the gravitational waves from a variety of sources, for both ground-based and space-based detectors, and we describe the information carried by the waves.

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#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We review current best estimates of the strength and detectability of the gravitational waves from a variety of sources, for both ground-based and space-based detectors, and we describe the information carried by the waves.	contribution 1.00	0.51	0.26	asserted 0.75

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The paper

Original abstract

We review current best estimates of the strength and detectability of the gravitational waves from a variety of sources, for both ground-based and space-based detectors, and we describe the information carried by the waves.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 26 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

I-Love-Q Relations in Neutron Stars and their Applications to Astrophysics, Gravitational Waves and Fundamental Physics
gr-qc 2013-03 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

The moment of inertia, tidal Love number, and spin-induced quadrupole moment of slowly rotating neutron stars satisfy equation-of-state-independent relations accurate to roughly one percent.
On Bimodality in the Eccentricity Distribution of Galactic Double Neutron Stars
astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A broken neutron-star remnant mass relation plus weak ultra-stripped supernova kicks can reproduce the apparent eccentricity gap in Galactic double neutron stars.
Beyond Plane Waves: Coherent Network Response to Collimated Gravitational-Wave Wavepackets
gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Paraxial wavepacket modeling of gravitational-wave bursts shows plane-wave approximations remain valid for LIGO-Virgo but enable a factor of 3-4 improvement in detection efficiency for third-generation networks when a...
Probing Gravity -- Fundamental Aspects of Metric Theories and their Implications for Tests of General Relativity
gr-qc 2024-12 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Gravitational wave memory is shown to arise naturally from the Isaacson backreaction formalism in general metric theories of gravity, unifying null and ordinary memory and providing a memory formula valid beyond GR.
Scalable, symmetric atom interferometer for infrasound gravitational wave detection
quant-ph 2019-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A folded triple-loop symmetric atom interferometer geometry is proposed that suppresses Sagnac and gravity-gradient noise, enabling a horizontal terrestrial gravitational wave detector with projected strain sensitivit...

Show 21 more citing papers

The First Law of Binary Black Hole Mechanics in General Relativity and Post-Newtonian Theory
gr-qc 2011-11 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The paper derives and verifies a first law of mechanics for circular-orbit point-mass binaries, delta M minus Omega delta J equals z1 delta m1 plus z2 delta m2, and uses it to extract new post-Newtonian coefficients f...
Constraining neutron star tidal Love numbers with gravitational wave detectors
astro-ph 2007-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The early inspiral of two neutron stars encodes their tidal Love number in the gravitational-wave phase, and LIGO II could measure it well enough to bound neutron-star radii to roughly 14 to 15 km.
Phenomenological aspects of black holes beyond general relativity
gr-qc 2018-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A common parameter language for black hole alternatives, plus a corrected accretion bound showing that lensing of re-emitted light weakens the case against horizonless surfaces by roughly fifteen orders of magnitude u...
Discriminating between a Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background and Instrument Noise
gr-qc 2010-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Fitting all six TDI cross-spectra with a joint noise-plus-signal model lets a single LISA-type detector separate a stochastic gravitational wave background from instrument noise, reaching Omega_gw = 6e-13 in one month...
Bayesian coherent analysis of in-spiral gravitational wave signals with a detector network
astro-ph.CO 2009-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Nested sampling delivers Bayes factors and marginalised posteriors for binary inspiral signals in a detector network, and a coherent-versus-incoherent Bayes factor rejects glitches that mimic real signals.
Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
astro-ph 2007-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The tidal Love number of a neutron star is derived in closed form in full general relativity and comes out up to 24% smaller than the Newtonian value, with the weak-field limit reproducing the known Brooker and Olle r...
Ergoregion instability of ultra-compact astrophysical objects
gr-qc 2007-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Rapidly spinning horizonless compact objects are ergoregion-unstable on timescales of 0.1 s to 1 week, which argues that observed fast-spinning compact objects are black holes.
Matched-filtering and parameter estimation of ringdown waveforms
gr-qc 2007-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Single-mode ringdown templates lose over 10 percent of events and badly bias the recovered quality factor when the true signal contains a second quasinormal mode, so a two-stage search (one-mode detection, multi-mode ...
The Spectrum of Gravitational Radiation from Primordial Turbulence
astro-ph 2007-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A finite-duration stationary Kolmogorov turbulent source produces a gravitational wave spectrum that rises as the square root of frequency, falls steeply in the middle band, and cuts off exponentially, with a peak nea...
"Kludge" gravitational waveforms for a test-body orbiting a Kerr black hole
gr-qc 2006-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Cheap approximate gravitational waveforms built from exact Kerr geodesics plus flat-space emission formulas overlap 95% or better with expensive Teukolsky waveforms for orbits whose periastron exceeds about five black...
Resonant Tidal Excitations of Inertial Modes in Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries
astro-ph 2006-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Resonant excitation of inertial modes in rotating neutron stars can produce a significant phase shift in gravitational waveforms only for fast spins, with one m=1 r-mode resonance acting at low frequencies when the sp...
Detection Rate Estimates of Gravity-waves Emitted During Parabolic Encounters of Stellar Black Holes in Globular Clusters
astro-ph 2006-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Using simple globular cluster models, the authors estimate that parabolic black-hole encounters yield about 0.063 detectable events per year for Advanced LIGO and about 1.0 per year for a next-generation space detector.
Prospects for direct detection of primordial gravitational waves
astro-ph 2006-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Single-field inflation models consistent with the 2006 CMB constraints produce a primordial gravitational wave background at 1 mHz to 1 Hz no larger than about 1.6 times 10 to the minus 15.
Black Hole Spectroscopy: Testing General Relativity through Gravitational Wave Observations
gr-qc 2003-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Two or more quasi-normal modes from one source can be checked for joint consistency with a single Kerr black hole, yielding a quantified test of the no-hair theorem with false-alarm and false-dismissal rates.
Wave Effects in Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Chirping Binaries
astro-ph 2003-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Wave-optics lensing of LISA chirps lets the lens mass and source position be measured to about 0.1% for lenses above 10^8 solar masses, and widens the detectable lensing cross section roughly tenfold beyond ray optics.
Geodesics, Scalar Fields, and GUP-Corrected Thermodynamics of Charged BTZ-like Black Holes in Bopp-Podolsky Electrodynamics
gr-qc 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

A parameter study of geodesics, shadows, scalar-field potentials, GUP-corrected Hawking temperatures, and orbital frequencies for a charged BTZ-like black hole with Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics and disclinations.
Binary Black Hole Coalescence
gr-qc 2007-10 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

By 2007 numerical relativity had produced stable binary black hole merger simulations whose waveforms are simple enough to be stitched together from analytic inspiral and ringdown models.
The Evolution of Compact Binary Star Systems
astro-ph.HE 2014-03 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review consolidates formation channels, merger rates and open uncertainties for compact binary stars, concluding that Galactic double neutron star mergers occur roughly once per ten thousand years.
Intermediate and Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals -- Astrophysics, Science Applications and Detection using LISA
astro-ph 2007-03 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

Extreme and intermediate mass-ratio inspirals are argued to be uniquely valuable LISA sources for measuring black-hole masses and spins and for testing general relativity in strong gravity.
Les Houches Lectures on Effective Field Theories and Gravitational Radiation
hep-ph 2007-01 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

Binary-inspiral gravitational-wave emission can be reorganized as a tower of effective field theories, one per length scale, with a definite velocity power-counting rule at every stage.
The basics of gravitational wave theory
gr-qc 2005-01 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

A pedagogical review that assembles the standard derivations of gravitational wave theory, from linearized gravity through the quadrupole formula to the Isaacson stress-energy tensor, into a single tutorial.

How later papers used it

49 later papers cite it

Evidence: thin. 49 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 1 of those carries a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 19 of the 59 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

1 later paper by other authors is listed below: 1 used its data or values.

Uses its data or values 1 paper

Used this paper's sensitivity curve for advanced LIGO, with f0=215 Hz, in its own work.

Compact binary coalescence parameter estimations for 2.5 post-Newtonian aligned spinning waveforms (2012) · 0.90 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

47 arXiv papers cite this in 57 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 23 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 1 paper

The sensitivity curve used here for advanced LIGO [ref] , with $f_0=215$Hz, is

Compact binary coalescence parameter estimations for 2.5 post-Newtonian aligned spinning waveforms · Sensitivity curves · 0.90

Cites it as background 29 papers

The potential high-frequency sources sought by earth-based gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO, VIRGO, GEO600, TAMA300, include not only the BH/BH merger and ringdown, as the source of the gravitational-wave event GW150914 [ref] , but also the tidal disruption of a neutron star (NS) by its companion BH in NS/BH binaries, spinning NSs, type-II supernovae, proto-neutron-stars produced by the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarf stars, etc., for more details about the gravitational-wave sources, see, e.g., Refs. [ref] .

Identifying the QCD Phase Transitions via the Gravitational Wave Frequency · Introduction · 0.84
In all cases, the detector response is typically modeled for an incoming plane wave, with the measured strain given by projecting the metric perturbation onto the interferometer tensor response [ref] .

Beyond Plane Waves: Coherent Network Response to Collimated Gravitational-Wave Wavepackets · Introduction · 0.91
Before the central BHs or magnetars are born to power GRBs, the compact binary mergers and collapsars are also important GW sources [ref] .

Comparison of gravitational waves from central engines of gamma-ray bursts: neutrino-dominated accretion flows, Blandford-Znajek mechanisms, and millisecond magnetars · Results · 0.98

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