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Scaling of cosmic string loops

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Vitaly Vanchurin, Ken D. Olum, Alexander Vilenkin

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 29 Nov 2005

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim In this final regime the characteristic length of loops scales as $0.1 t$, in contrast to earlier simulations which found tiny loops.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv IDgr-qc/0511159 (version 4)
Pith IDTQ46BGPD, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationAlexander Vilenkin, Ken D. Olum, Vitaly Vanchurin. "Scaling of cosmic string loops." arXiv:gr-qc/0511159 (2005). https://pith.science/paper/TQ46BGPD
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,769 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.34 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.13 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.98 · compares with prior results 0.97 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v4. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We study the spectrum of loops as a part of a complete network of cosmic strings in flat spacetime. After a long transient regime, characterized by production of small loops at the scale of the initial conditions, it appears that a true scaling regime takes over. In this final regime the characteristic length of loops scales as $0.1 t$, in contrast to earlier simulations which found tiny loops. We expect the expanding-universe behavior to be qualitatively similar. The large loop sizes have important cosmological implications. In particular, the nucleosynthesis bound becomes $G\mu \lesssim 10^{-7}$, much tighter than before.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We study the spectrum of loops as a part of a complete network of cosmic strings in flat spacetime. contribution 0.99 0.87 0.04 asserted 0.75
s1 After a long transient regime, characterized by production of small loops at the scale of the initial conditions, it appears that a true scaling regime takes over. result 1.00 0.81 0.17 asserted 0.88
s2 In this final regime the characteristic length of loops scales as $0.1 t$, in contrast to earlier simulations which found tiny loops. result 1.00 0.86 0.73 asserted 1.00
s3 We expect the expanding-universe behavior to be qualitatively similar. interpretation 0.93 0.17 0.05 speculative 0.59
s4 The large loop sizes have important cosmological implications. interpretation 1.00 0.28 0.13 asserted 1.00
s5 In particular, the nucleosynthesis bound becomes $G\mu \lesssim 10^{-7}$, much tighter than before. interpretation 0.90 0.66 0.23 asserted 0.99

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 1.00 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.99.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v4
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We study the spectrum of loops as a part of a complete network of cosmic strings in flat spacetime. After a long transient regime, characterized by production of small loops at the scale of the initial conditions, it appears that a true scaling regime takes over. In this final regime the characteristic length of loops scales as $0.1 t$, in contrast to earlier simulations which found tiny loops. We expect the expanding-universe behavior to be qualitatively similar. The large loop sizes have important cosmological implications. In particular, the nucleosynthesis bound becomes $G\mu \lesssim 10^{-7}$, much tighter than before.

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References
How later papers used it

62 later papers cite it

Evidence: some. 57 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 15 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 9 of the 100 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

Uses its data or values 3 of 14 papers with this label
How the literature uses it

57 arXiv papers cite this in 93 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 64 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 2 papers
Uses its data or values 14 papers
Compares with it 1 paper
Cites it as support 1 paper
  • Second, small loops, if abundantly produced, initially exhibit a strong departure from the scaling regime, which persists for a longer time compared to large loops [ref] .

    Gravitational waves from melting cosmic strings · Number density of cosmic string loops · 0.98

Cites it as background 7 papers
  • Estimates of the size of cosmic string loops are uncertain to many orders of magnitudes, ranging from near-horizon scales [ref] down to the gravitational radiation length scale [ref] , and even to microscopic scales [ref] .

    Cosmic String Loops, Large and Small · Introduction · 0.99

  • This issue is still under debate, see e.g. [ref] .

    Cosmic Super-Strings and Kaluza-Klein Modes · Consequences for the Loop Number Density and the Friction-Dominated Epoch · 0.91

  • Cosmological simulations of both types, lattice field theory [ref] and Nambu-Goto dynamics [ref] , have been extensively studied in the past.

    Nambu-Goto Dynamics of Field Theory Cosmic String Loops · Introduction · 1.00

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