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The general solution for relativistic spherical shells

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J. Kijowski, G. Magli, D. Malafarina

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 15 Dec 2005

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The solutions split into two classes: a class of "astro-physically interesting" solutions describing "ordinary" matter with positive density and pressure, and a class of "phantom-like" solutions with positive density but negative active gravitational mass, which can also be of interest in several "very strong fields" regimes.

how it is stated · asserted 0.95 read the record →

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arXiv IDgr-qc/0512089 (version 1)
Pith IDO5HPFTKE, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationD. Malafarina, G. Magli, J. Kijowski. "The general solution for relativistic spherical shells." arXiv:gr-qc/0512089 (2005). https://pith.science/paper/O5HPFTKE
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,005 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.19 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.04 · compares with prior results 0.80 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

The general exact solution of the Einstein-matter field equations describing spherically symmetric shells satisfying an equation of state in closed form is discussed under general assumptions of physical reasonableness. The solutions split into two classes: a class of "astro-physically interesting" solutions describing "ordinary" matter with positive density and pressure, and a class of "phantom-like" solutions with positive density but negative active gravitational mass, which can also be of interest in several "very strong fields" regimes. Known results on linear-barotropic equations of state are recovered as particular cases.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 The general exact solution of the Einstein-matter field equations describing spherically symmetric shells satisfying an equation of state in closed form is discussed under general assumptions of physical reasonableness. contribution 0.99 0.83 0.47 asserted 0.99
s1 The solutions split into two classes: a class of "astro-physically interesting" solutions describing "ordinary" matter with positive density and pressure, and a class of "phantom-like" solutions with positive density but negative active gravitational mass, which can also be of interest in several "very strong fields" regimes. result 0.97 0.84 0.52 asserted 0.95
s2 Known results on linear-barotropic equations of state are recovered as particular cases. result 0.76 0.60 0.08 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

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not examined
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  • references and citing sentences
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  • P abstract
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  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

The general exact solution of the Einstein-matter field equations describing spherically symmetric shells satisfying an equation of state in closed form is discussed under general assumptions of physical reasonableness. The solutions split into two classes: a class of "astro-physically interesting" solutions describing "ordinary" matter with positive density and pressure, and a class of "phantom-like" solutions with positive density but negative active gravitational mass, which can also be of interest in several "very strong fields" regimes. Known results on linear-barotropic equations of state are recovered as particular cases.

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1 arXiv paper cite this in 1 sentence

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it

Cites it as background 1 paper
  • The case of spherically symmetric thin shells has been recently analyzed both in special relativity, see [ref] with application to the mass inflation phenomenon, and in general relativity, see [ref] where the solutions are split into “ordinary” matter and “exotic” matter.

    An adjustable law of motion for relativistic spherical shells · Introduction · 0.92

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