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Time, measurement and information loss in quantum cosmology

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Lee Smolin

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 15 Jan 1993

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The result is a much simpler treatment of the clock field, leading to a simplification of the gauge fixed quantum theory and the treatment of the semiclassical limit.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv IDgr-qc/9301016 (version 2)
Pith IDQT6ZRR4E, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationLee Smolin. "Time, measurement and information loss in quantum cosmology." arXiv:gr-qc/9301016 (1993). https://pith.science/paper/QT6ZRR4E
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 2,230 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.48 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.03 · compares with prior results 0.42 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

An error in the gauge fixed quantization of section 3 is corrected. The result is a much simpler treatment of the clock field, leading to a simplification of the gauge fixed quantum theory and the treatment of the semiclassical limit.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 An error in the gauge fixed quantization of section 3 is corrected. contribution 0.89 0.82 0.13 asserted 1.00
s1 The result is a much simpler treatment of the clock field, leading to a simplification of the gauge fixed quantum theory and the treatment of the semiclassical limit. result 0.88 0.88 0.53 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.68 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.99.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

An error in the gauge fixed quantization of section 3 is corrected. The result is a much simpler treatment of the clock field, leading to a simplification of the gauge fixed quantum theory and the treatment of the semiclassical limit.

Human review

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References
How the literature uses it

4 arXiv papers cite this in 5 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 4 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 1 paper

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