Reparameterisation Invariance Constraints on Heavy Particle Effective Field Theories

Aneesh V. Manohar; Michael Luke

REVIEW

Reparameterisation Invariance Constraints on Heavy Particle Effective Field Theories

Michael Luke, Aneesh V. Manohar

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 21 May 1992 · 20 references

Pith's verdict: The A=1 derivation is correct and durable; the only soft spot is that the abstract's non-renormalisation claim is stated unconditionally while the body correctly conditions it on an invariant regulator.

T0 · AI review

How this review was made: An AI referee (selfhosted/deepseek-v4.1-flash) read the paper on October 29, 2026 and answered a fixed list of questions about it. T0 is the starting level every paper gets. The levels describe how deeply Pith has checked the paper, never the authors.

T0 AI review An AI read the paper and answered a fixed list of questions.
T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
T2 Compute The paper's code or calculations re-run with the same results.
T3 Formal statement The claims written out in a formal math language a computer can read.
T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

How Pith checks papers →

· 2 major objections · 7 minor · Ask about this paper · The compiled record · Read the full review →

Challenge this review Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

arXiv IDhep-ph/9205228 (version 1)

Pith IDML3TSDGW, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationAneesh V. Manohar, Michael Luke. "Reparameterisation Invariance Constraints on Heavy Particle Effective Field Theories." arXiv:hep-ph/9205228 (1992). https://pith.science/paper/ML3TSDGW

Cite this reviewBibTeX for Pith's review of this paper

Claim paper

Why Pith says this

Highlight any text to comment on it.

Editor's note

read the letter

Short version: the derivation is right, and the result is one of the load-bearing structural facts of heavy-quark effective theory. Read it for the argument, not for anything surprising — the symmetry was known, the constraining power was not, and the authors say so themselves in the introduction when they cite Dugan-Golden-Grinstein [8]. What is new is the systematic exploitation: write the lagrangian in terms of V^mu = v^mu + iD^mu/m and the constraints fall out almost for free. Eq. (2.8) is a two-line expansion and the (A-1) coefficient is exactly what you would want it to be. The spin-1 and spin-1/2 sections are the real work: they catch the Thomas-precession subtlety that kills the naive transformation Eq. (3.8), and they are honest about the operator-ordering ambiguity at order 1/m^3 and resolve it by field redefinition rather than hiding it. The current result Eq. (4.4) and the chiral pruning example are useful and correct as far as they go. The one soft spot is the one the stress-test names, and it is small. The abstract says the -D^2/2m operator 'does not receive any non-perturbative contributions from matching conditions' with no qualification; Sec. 4 says the opposite of an unconditional claim — 'This cannot be true if the effective theory is regulated to preserve reparameterisation invariance.' That is the right statement, and the authors make it. What the paper does not do is construct such a regulator or show that the QCD-to-HQET matching respects it. That is a real gap, but it is a gap in a 1992 letter-format paper that is doing something else, and the dimensional-regularisation-plus-velocity-prescription answer is standard enough that I would not hold it against them. Two smaller things: 'severely restricts' the chiral lagrangian is supported by exactly one operator example (Tv iD·Bv), and Sec. 5 is thin — the authors call it trivial themselves, and they are right. Neither is a flaw worth a report. Who should read it: anyone setting up a heavy-particle EFT, and especially anyone doing heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, where the V^mu bookkeeping saves real work. It deserves a serious referee and it got the right verdict. Cite it.

Referee report

Significance

If correct — and the derivation is short enough to check line by line — this is a high-value contribution. The result is parameter-free: no coefficient is fitted, and the constraint A = 1 follows from the invariance requirement alone. It makes a falsifiable prediction, namely that the −D²/2m operator has zero anomalous dimension, which the authors note agrees with the independent one-loop computation of Ref. [11]; that agreement is a genuine external check rather than a restatement. The chiral-lagrangian application is practically important because it removes operators (e.g. Eq. 4.5) that would otherwise be carried as free low-energy constants in heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, and the current relation Eq. (4.4) extends the known one-loop matching identities of Refs. [13] and [14] to all orders in 1/m. The paper is compact, the logic is explicit, and the operator-ordering ambiguity at order 1/m³ is identified and resolved by the observation that different orderings differ by field redefinitions.

Major objections (2)

[Abstract vs. Sec. 4] The abstract states without qualification that −D²/2m 'has zero anomalous dimension, coefficient one, and does not receive any non-perturbative contributions from matching conditions' [abstract:s2], whereas Sec. 4 states that the suggested non-perturbative corrections 'cannot be true if the effective theory is regulated to preserve reparameterisation invariance.' The body's version is the correct one: the non-renormalisation statement is conditional on a regulator and renormalisation scheme that respect the invariance, and the paper neither constructs such a regulator nor demonstrates that the full-theory-to-HQET matching preserves it. The perturbative part of the claim is safe, since the one-loop check of Ref. [11] is performed in dimensional regularisation, but the non-perturbative matching statement as phrased in the abstract is stronger than what Sec. 4 establishes. I recommend that the abstract carry the scheme qualification, and that Sec. 4 add one or two sentences identifying which regulators are known to preserve the invariance and what would go wrong (e.g. a hard cutoff on residual momentum) in one that does not.
[Abstract and Sec. 4] The abstract also claims that the invariance 'requires linear combinations of these operators to be multiplicatively renormalised' [abstract:s1]. In the body this is supported by two worked examples — the kinetic operator of Eq. (4.1) and the current of Eq. (4.4) — rather than by a general argument. Since the statement is advertised as a general consequence, a short paragraph in Sec. 4 making the general case explicitly (that only reparameterisation-invariant combinations can appear in the lagrangian, hence only those combinations can be multiplicatively renormalised, with the invariant building blocks being those of Eqs. 3.25) would make the abstract claim follow from the text rather than from the examples. This is a matter of making an already plausible argument explicit, not a challenge to its correctness.

Minor objections (7)

[Eq. (2.8)] The intermediate expression in Eq. (2.8) reads −i q·D/m + iA q·D/m, which equals i(A−1) q·D/m, while the following line is printed as (A−1) φ*_v q·D/m φ_v without the factor of i. The conclusion A = 1 is unaffected, but the displayed algebra should be checked and the factor restored or the convention stated.
[Eq. (2.5)] The text eliminates a term of the form φ*_v (v·D)² φ_v using the lowest-order equation of motion. One sentence noting that the coefficient of an equation-of-motion-vanishing operator is unphysical because it can be removed by a field redefinition, and that such redefinitions preserve the invariance order by order, would close an otherwise implicit step in the argument.
[Eq. (3.25)] The relation Ψ̄_v γ5 Ψ_v = 0 is listed without explanation. A brief parenthetical — that γ5 commutes with the boost Λ̃ and that ψ̄_v γ5 ψ_v vanishes by the projector — would save the reader a check.
[Eqs. (3.12)–(3.14) and (3.24)] The operator-ordering ambiguity in Λ(V̂, v) is correctly identified as harmless at order 1/m³, but the text does not say which ordering is used when writing the explicit results of Eqs. (3.14) and (3.24). Stating the choice once would make those equations reproducible.
[Eq. (4.2)] The statement that C = 1 at tree level would be more useful with an explicit remark that C is not protected by reparameterisation invariance and therefore runs, together with a pointer to the known anomalous dimension.
[Eqs. (5.1)–(5.3)] The reduction from three form factors to two is asserted rather than shown. Giving the explicit relation between (f1, f2, f3) and the conventional (f+, f−) decomposition would make the section self-contained and would illustrate concretely the 'redundant variables give redundant form factors' point.
[References] Several of the works used for direct comparison, notably Refs. [12], [13] and [16]–[20], are cited as preprints. Where published versions now exist, they should be cited in place of, or in addition to, the preprint numbers.

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

The paper

The paper claims

A trivial-looking redundancy in how heavy-particle fields are labelled turns out to fix the coefficients of the $1/m$ expansion, and to forbid certain operators outright.

The reading

In a heavy-particle effective field theory a field is labelled twice over: by a velocity $v$ and by a residual momentum $k$, with the physical momentum being $p = mv + k$. The same physical momentum can be described by a shifted velocity and a compensatingly shifted residual momentum, so the theory contains a redundancy that looks like a mere bookkeeping artefact. The paper shows this redundancy is not inert. Demanding that the effective lagrangian be unchanged under the shift forces relations between coefficients of terms at different orders in $1/m$, and forces particular combinations of operators to renormalise multiplicatively. The sharpest consequence is that the operator $-D^2/2m$ must enter with coefficient exactly one, must have zero anomalous dimension, and cannot pick up non-perturbative corrections from matching. The same argument is then used to prune the operator list of a chiral lagrangian for heavy matter fields.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the reparameterisation-covariant velocity $V^mu = v^mu + iD^mu/m$, which is just the total momentum in units of the mass and is the only velocity-like quantity defined without ambiguity at order $1/m$. The rule the paper extracts is that $v$ and $D$ may appear in the lagrangian only through $V$, and that heavy fields must be dressed by the boost $Lambda(p/m, v)$ (or its spinor counterpart) so that they transform by a pure phase under the shift. This dressing is what converts the naive transformation law, which fails at order $1/m^2$, into one that can be satisfied order by order. The boost matrices themselves are computed in an appendix, with the boost parameter fixed by $sinh(lambda theta) = lambda$ and $lambda^2 = (w dot v)^2 - 1$.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's claim is that reparameterisation invariance — the freedom to write $(v,k)$ as $(v + q/m, k - q)$ with $(v+q/m)^2 = 1$ — is a genuine constraint on the effective lagrangian rather than a harmless ambiguity. Writing the most general scalar lagrangian to order $1/m$ as $v$-dependent kinetic term minus $(A/2m)D^2$, the authors transform the fields and expand to first order in $q$; the change in the lagrangian is proportional to $(A-1)$, so invariance holds only for $A = 1$. The argument is then generalised: the only ambiguity-free building blocks are the combination $V^mu = v^mu + iD^mu/m$ together with fields dressed by the Lorentz boost that carries $v$ to $p/m$, so the most general invariant lagrangian is a function of those alone. For spin-1 and spinor fields the authors work out the required boost transformation explicitly, noting that the naive transformation differs from the correct one by a Thomas-precession term at order $1/m^2$ that no order-$1/m^2$ operator can cancel. The consequences drawn are that the kinetic operator's coefficient is exact, that the spin-dependent magnetic operator's coefficient is not protected and so is still renormalised, that the $1/m$ corrections to heavy-to-heavy currents are tied to the leading current, and that operators such as $T_v iD_mu B^{mu}_v$ cannot appear in a heavy-matter chiral lagrangian because their variation cannot be cancelled at any order.

Load-bearing premise

The exactness of the non-renormalisation result rests on the effective theory being regulated in a way that respects the velocity shift, so a scheme that breaks the symmetry, such as a hard cutoff on residual momentum, is not covered by the argument.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

The coefficient of the $(iD)^2/2m$ operator in the heavy-particle lagrangian is fixed at one and its anomalous dimension vanishes, so it receives no radiative or non-perturbative matching correction.
The spin-dependent operator $gC/(2m) \, \bar\psi_v \sigma_{\alpha\beta} F^{\alpha\beta} \psi_v$ is not tied to the kinetic term, so its coefficient $C$ remains unprotected and is still renormalised; its reparameterisation-invariant extension to order $1/m^2$ is written down explicitly.
The $1/m$ corrections to a heavy-to-heavy weak current are determined by the leading current's Dirac structure, extending to all orders a matching result previously found at order $\alpha_s$.
Operators such as $T_v iD_\mu B^{\mu}_v$ are excluded from chiral lagrangians for heavy matter fields, cutting the number of free coefficients in such expansions.
In matrix elements, the extra form factors allowed by labelling states with both velocity and residual momentum are redundant and reduce to the usual $f_+$ and $f_-$ decomposition.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The constraint is a symmetry statement, so it should survive any deformation of the theory that preserves the shift — including the inclusion of explicit heavy-particle mass differences in a manner consistent with the same field redefinition.
If the argument holds, the number of independent low-energy constants in heavy-matter chiral perturbation theory is smaller than a naive operator census would suggest; a systematic enumeration using the $V^\mu$ rule would be a natural follow-up.
The same bookkeeping redundancy appears whenever an effective theory splits a momentum into a large fixed piece and a small fluctuation, so the constraint plausibly recurs in non-relativistic effective theories beyond the heavy-quark setting.
The claim that the anomalous dimension vanishes is scheme-dependent in practice; a lattice or cutoff-based treatment that does not preserve the shift would be the natural place to look for an apparent violation.

Original abstract

Since fields in the heavy quark effective theory are described by both a velocity and a residual momentum, there is redundancy in the theory: small shifts in velocity may be absorbed into a redefinition of the residual momentum. We demonstrate that this trivial reparameterisation invariance has non-trivial consequences: it relates coefficients of terms of different orders in the $1/m$ expansion and requires linear combinations of these operators to be multiplicatively renormalised. For example, the operator $-D^2/2m$ in the effective lagrangian has zero anomalous dimension, coefficient one, and does not receive any non-perturbative contributions from matching conditions. We also demonstrate that this invariance severely restricts the forms of operators which may appear in chiral lagrangians for heavy particles.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,742 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.09 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.01 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.83 · compares with prior results 0.07 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Since fields in the heavy quark effective theory are described by both a velocity and a residual momentum, there is redundancy in the theory: small shifts in velocity may be absorbed into a redefinition of the residual momentum. We demonstrate that this trivial reparameterisation invariance has non-trivial consequences: it relates coefficients of terms of different orders in the $1/m$ expansion and requires linear combinations of these operators to be multiplicatively renormalised. For example, the operator $-D^2/2m$ in the effective lagrangian has zero anomalous dimension, coefficient one, and does not receive any non-perturbative contributions from matching conditions. We also demonstrate that this invariance severely restricts the forms of operators which may appear in chiral lagrangians for heavy particles.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Since fields in the heavy quark effective theory are described by both a velocity and a residual momentum, there is redundancy in the theory: small shifts in velocity may be absorbed into a redefinition of the residual momentum.	background 1.00	0.06	0.05	asserted 0.87
s1	We demonstrate that this trivial reparameterisation invariance has non-trivial consequences: it relates coefficients of terms of different orders in the $1/m$ expansion and requires linear combinations of these operators to be multiplicatively renormalised.	result 0.71	0.95	0.76	asserted 1.00
s2	For example, the operator $-D^2/2m$ in the effective lagrangian has zero anomalous dimension, coefficient one, and does not receive any non-perturbative contributions from matching conditions.	result 1.00	0.78	0.10	asserted 1.00
s3	We also demonstrate that this invariance severely restricts the forms of operators which may appear in chiral lagrangians for heavy particles.	result 0.79	0.93	0.20	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.98.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

Works cited (20)

[8]

M. J. Dugan, M. Golden and B. Grinstein, HUTP-91/A045, BU HEP-91-18, SSCL- Preprint-12 (1991)

View on Pith 1991
[11]

E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. 243B (1990) 427; A. F. Falk, B. Grinstein and M. E. Luke, Nucl. Phys. B357 (1991 ) 185

View on Pith 1990
[13]

P. Cho and B. Grinstein, SSCL-Preprint-111, HUTP-92/A 012 (1992)

View on Pith 1992
[14]

M. Luke, Phys. Lett. 252B (1990) 447

View on Pith 1990
[1]

N. Isgur and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. 232B (1989) 113; Phys. Lett. 237B (1990) 527

View on Pith 1989
[2]

H. D. Politzer and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. 206B (1988) 681; Phys. Lett. 208B (1988) 504

View on Pith 1988
[3]

M. B. Voloshin and M. A. Shifman, Yad Fiz. 45 (1987) 463 [So v. J. Nucl. Phys. 45 (1987) 292]; Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 47 (1988) 511

View on Pith 1987
[4]

E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. 234B (1990) 511

View on Pith 1990
[5]

B. Grinstein, Nucl. Phys. B339 (1990) 253

View on Pith 1990
[6]

H. Georgi, Phys. Lett. 240B (1990) 447

View on Pith 1990
[7]

A. F. Falk, H. Georgi, B. Grinstein and M. B. Wise, Nucl. Ph ys. B343 (1990) 1

View on Pith 1990
[9]

H. Georgi and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. 243B (1990) 279

View on Pith 1990
[10]

C. Carone, Phys. Lett. 253B (1991) 408

View on Pith 1991
[12]

L. Maiani, G. Martinelli and C. T. Sachrajda, SHEP 90/91 -32, ROME Prep. 812 (1991)

View on Pith 1991
[15]

E. Jenkins and A. V. Manohar, Phys. Lett. 255B (1991) 558 , Baryon Chiral Pertur- bation Theory, UCSD preprint UCSD/PTH 91-30 (1991)

View on Pith 1991
[16]

M. B. Wise, Caltech preprint CALT-68-1765 (1992)

View on Pith 1992
[17]

G. Burdman and J. Donoghue, U. Mass. preprint UMHEP-365 (1992)

View on Pith 1992
[18]

T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung, G.-L. Lin, Y. C. Li n and H.-L. Yu, Cornell preprint CLNS 92/1138 (1992)

View on Pith 1992
[19]

P. Cho, HUTP-92-A014 (1992)

View on Pith 1992
[20]

A. F. Falk and M. Luke, UCSD/PTH 92-14, SLAC-PUB-5812 (1 992). 13

View on Pith

Forward citations

Cited by 39 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Lattice study of spin interactions between heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma
hep-lat 2026-07 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

The spin-dependent heavy-quark potential in the quark-gluon plasma is complex, with a channel-dependent imaginary part first extracted from lattice QCD.
The Simplest B Decay, Precisely
hep-ph 2026-01 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

A complete QCD×QED, next-to-leading-power factorization now gives a percent-level prediction for B⁻→μ⁻ν̄(γ) with all structure-dependent electromagnetic corrections included.
Heavy-Particle Effective Theory: from On-Shell Formalism to Gravitational Compton Amplitudes
hep-ph 2026-10 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A velocity-projected spinor-helicity formalism for heavy particles yields three-point and Compton amplitudes with explicit 1/m power counting, and minimal gravitational coupling matches Kerr spin multipoles at finite spin.
One-loop Gravitational Bremsstrahlung and Waveforms from a Heavy-Mass Effective Field Theory
hep-th 2023-03 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A heavy-mass effective field theory combined with a new momentum-shift recursion yields the one-loop five-point classical graviton-emission amplitude, and from it the next-to-leading post-Minkowskian waveform for arbi...
Kinematic Hopf Algebra for BCJ Numerators in Heavy-Mass Effective Field Theory and Yang-Mills Theory
hep-th 2021-11 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A closed all-multiplicity formula for tree-level BCJ numerators in heavy-mass effective field theory and Yang-Mills theory, organized by a quasi-shuffle Hopf algebra and counted by Fubini numbers.

Show 34 more citing papers

Soft de Sitter Effective Theory
hep-th 2020-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A power-counting effective field theory for superhorizon de Sitter modes shows that interactions are irrelevant for massive fields and for metric fluctuations, and marginal for light scalars, where its renormalization...
TMD Soft Function from Large-Momentum Effective Theory
hep-ph 2019-10 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The transverse-momentum-dependent soft function can be written as a form factor of a pair of nearly-lightlike color sources in heavy-quark effective theory, making it accessible to lattice QCD.
Standard Model anatomy of WIMP dark matter direct detection II: QCD analysis and hadronic matrix elements
hep-ph 2014-09 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The paper provides a complete QCD matching and renormalization-group framework connecting weak-scale WIMP operators to three-flavor QCD operators, with new higher-order threshold corrections and hadronic matrix elemen...
Treating the b quark distribution function with reliable uncertainties
hep-ph 2008-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A complete orthonormal basis for the nonperturbative shape function, combined with renormalization-group evolution and moment constraints, gives a systematic handle on functional-form uncertainties in inclusive B decays.
Soft-collinear effective theory and heavy-to-light currents beyond leading power
hep-ph 2002-06 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The soft-collinear effective Lagrangian and heavy-to-light currents are derived to second order in the power expansion, and the resulting form-factor relations are shown to survive at first order but not at second.
More than a Lifetime: Towards Precision Predictions for $B$-Meson Decays in the Standard Model and Beyond
hep-ph 2026-10 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The thesis computes the complete leading-order dimension-seven two-quark contributions to inclusive non-leptonic B decays and extends the HQE Darwin term to a general BSM effective Hamiltonian.
Heavy meson chiral perturbation theory constraints on a charm-coupled GeV-scale QCD axion
hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A charm-only QCD axion model passes a heavy-meson EFT consistency check, with its tightest bound coming from σ-mediated B_s mixing.
Radiative Semileptonic Decays of Beautiful Hadrons
hep-ph 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Within HQET, radiative semileptonic decay form factors for Lambda(b) to Lambda(c) and B to D(*) transitions are fully determined by non-radiative Isgur-Wise functions and heavy-hadron magnetic dipole moments in soft a...
Classical gravitational scattering at $\mathcal{O}(G^{2} S_{1}^{\infty} S_{2}^{\infty})$
hep-th 2023-04 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The authors derive the two-body gravitational scattering amplitude at order G-squared for two spinning objects, to all orders in both spins, with the full set of contact terms that could matter for Kerr black holes le...
Radiation and Reaction at One Loop
hep-th 2023-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The imaginary part of a one-loop five-point amplitude computes the radiation emitted under a particle's own self-field (radiation reaction), verified explicitly in QED and proposed for Yang-Mills and gravity.
Classical gravitational scattering from a gauge-invariant double copy
hep-th 2021-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A diagrammatic method extracts the black-hole scattering angle from two-massive-particle-irreducible diagrams alone, reproducing the known 3PM result and yielding a D-dimensional integrand.
A new gauge-invariant double copy for heavy-mass effective theory
hep-th 2021-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A new double-copy construction yields gauge-invariant, local, unique BCJ numerators for heavy-mass effective theory up to six particles, reproducing known gravity amplitudes.
On-shell heavy particle effective theories
hep-th 2020-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Heavy spin-s particles, when described with new on-shell variables, match the spin-multipole expansion of a Kerr black hole exactly up to order 2s, not just in the infinite-spin limit.
Hyperasymptotic approximation to the top, bottom and charm pole mass
hep-ph 2019-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

PV-regulated pole mass expansions produce a 28 MeV purely theoretical error for the top quark mass conversion at 163 GeV, with lattice cross-checks for the bottom and charm sectors.
Heavy Black Hole Effective Theory
hep-ph 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Heavy Black Hole Effective Theory derives a heavy-mass effective field theory for scalars and fermions in gravity and gives the second post-Minkowskian scattering amplitude including classical and leading quantum spin...
Neutrinoless double beta decay in chiral effective field theory: lepton number violation at dimension seven
hep-ph 2017-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A leading-order chiral effective field theory dictionary connecting dimension-seven lepton-number-violating operators to neutrinoless double beta decay yields new-physics bounds of roughly 10 to 400 TeV and shows that...
Combined analysis of semileptonic $B$ decays to $D$ and $D^*$: $R(D^{(*)})$, $|V_{cb}|$, and new physics
hep-ph 2017-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Fitting light-lepton B to D(*) decay data with heavy-quark symmetry yields R(D)=0.299±0.003 and R(D*)=0.257±0.003, keeping the roughly 4-sigma tension with measurements.
Scheming in the SMEFT... and a reparameterization invariance!
hep-ph 2017-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A reparameterization invariance in the SMEFT explains the flat directions in global fits to fermion scattering data, and those flat directions are shown to be independent of the input parameter scheme.
Chiral Effective Theory of Dark Matter Direct Detection
hep-ph 2016-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The authors derive the leading-order chiral matching coefficients that connect a dark matter effective theory written in quarks, gluons and photons to the nuclear response functions used in direct-detection experiment...
Soft Theorems from Effective Field Theory
hep-th 2014-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A new one-loop subleading soft theorem for gauge-theory amplitudes, derived from soft-collinear effective theory, replaces the tree-level Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem that breaks down when collinear particles or loops ar...
Proton polarisability contribution to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen at fourth order in chiral perturbation theory
hep-ph 2012-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A fourth-order chiral perturbation theory calculation of the forward doubly-virtual Compton amplitude shows the proton polarisability contribution to the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift is about 4 micro-electronvolts, two ...
Universal behavior in the scattering of heavy, weakly interacting dark matter on nuclear targets
hep-ph 2011-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

For dark matter heavy compared to the W boson and charged under electroweak SU(2), the spin-independent nuclear scattering cross section becomes universal in the heavy-mass limit, computed here with a full effective-f...
Factorization Structure of Gauge Theory Amplitudes and Application to Hard Scattering Processes at the LHC
hep-ph 2009-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

High-energy gauge-theory scattering amplitudes factor into process-independent one-particle collinear functions times a universal soft function, which lets the authors compute electroweak radiative corrections for all...
Electromagnetic and spin polarisabilities in lattice QCD
hep-lat 2006-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Nucleon polarisabilities receive roughly 5-10% finite-volume corrections at current lattice sizes, and tailored external fields could in principle extract all six, including for charged nucleons.
Two-Nucleon Systems from Effective Field Theory
nucl-th 1998-02 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A new subtraction scheme (PDS) makes the effective field theory expansion for nucleon-nucleon scattering consistent, yielding analytic amplitudes to subleading order in the 1S0 and 3S1-3D1 channels.
The Sub-Leading Scattering Waveform from Amplitudes
hep-th 2023-03 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

The next-to-leading (second post-Minkowskian) correction to the gravitational waveform of a black-hole flyby is computed from one-loop five-point scattering amplitudes in general relativity and in N=8 supergravity.
Classical Spin Gravitational Compton Scattering
hep-th 2023-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A bootstrap method yields explicit four- and five-point classical Compton amplitudes for arbitrary-spin infinite-mass particles, reproducing prior low-spin results and giving new five-point expressions for spinning bl...
From quarks to nucleons in dark matter direct detection
hep-ph 2017-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A complete chiral-EFT matching of dark matter quark and gluon operators onto nonrelativistic nucleon operators shows that one partonic operator generally produces several nucleon operators at leading order, and that p...
Nuclear effective field theory: status and perspectives
nucl-th 2019-06 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Three effective field theories (chiral, pionless, halo/cluster) are surveyed as a connected sequence of low-energy limits of QCD, with their scales, power countings, and unresolved renormalization problems laid out si...
Snowmass White Paper: Gravitational Waves and Scattering Amplitudes
hep-th 2022-04 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

A review arguing that on-shell amplitude and effective-field-theory methods have already produced new analytic results in general relativity and can be pushed to the precision future gravitational-wave detectors require.
Heavy Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
hep-ph 2016-06 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review consolidates three decades of theory on charm and bottom hadrons in nuclear matter, organized by chiral symmetry and heavy quark spin symmetry, and reports where competing models agree and where they do not.
Exotic Hadrons with Heavy Flavors -X, Y, Z and Related States-
hep-ph 2016-03 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review argues that X(3872) and the Zb(10610)/Zb(10650) states are hadronic molecules whose near-threshold dynamics are organized by chiral and heavy-quark symmetry.
Introduction to Soft-Collinear Effective Theory
hep-ph 2014-10 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

A self-contained pedagogical construction of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, from the strategy of regions through the effective Lagrangian to renormalization-group resummation for Drell-Yan and the infrared structure...
Review of Heavy Quarkonium at weak coupling
hep-ph 2011-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

pNRQCD is presented as a systematically derived effective field theory that reproduces heavy quarkonium dynamics via Schrödinger equations, with all matching and renormalization steps carried out in dimensional regula...

How the literature uses it

89 arXiv papers cite this in 118 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 89 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 3 papers

This method is discussed in Refs. [ref] .

Reparameterization Invariant Operator Basis for NRQED and HQET · Operator Basis for Reparameterization-invariant NRQED and HQET · 0.81
They can be also obtained from the parton level $O()$ result using reparameterization invariance (RI) relations [ref] .

Inclusive semileptonic B decays and |Vcb| · Higher order effects · 0.86
The discussion here follows the approach of Heavy-mass Effective Field Theory (HEFT) [ref] , where the classical limit is taken by expanding in the $m→ ∞$ limit.

Spinning binary dynamics in cubic effective field theories of gravity · Review of the heavy-mass limit for Einstein-Hilbert · 0.86

Compares with it 1 paper

Finally, we reproduce the expressions for the running of the HQET matching coefficients at one-loop and at $(1/m_Q)$ (compare with Eq. (4.8) in Manohar:2000dt): [equation] The Renormalization Group Equations (RGEs) are [ref]

Functional Methods for Heavy Quark Effective Theory · $β$-functions · 0.92

Cites it as support 1 paper

This implies that $c_2$ and $O_2$ have no anomalous dimension, so that $λ_1$ is $μ$-independent [ref] .

Reparametrization Invariance Constraints on Inclusive Decay Spectra and Masses · Reparametrization Invariance · 0.98

Cites it as background 20 papers

The RPI transformation $k →k - l$, $v →w=v + l/m_Q$ on heavy quark fields was given in Ref. [ref] .

Reparametrization Invariance Constraints on Inclusive Decay Spectra and Masses · Reparametrization Invariance · 0.88
Especially in the heavy-mass effective field theory [ref] , which had a wide phenomenological applications in heavy quark and black hole physics [ref] , the kinematic algebra was found to be isomorphic to an infinite dimensional combinatorial algebra [ref] , i.e. a (generalised) quasi-shuffle Hopf algebra [ref] .

Kinematic Hopf algebra for amplitudes from higher-derivative operators · Introduction · 0.93
Imposing invariance under reparameterization can be technically difficult, and this has lead to different perspectives and methods on the topic, e.g., see Refs. [ref] .

Reparameterization Invariant Operator Basis for NRQED and HQET · Introduction · 0.93

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

[1] [8]

M. J. Dugan, M. Golden and B. Grinstein, HUTP-91/A045, BU HEP-91-18, SSCL- Preprint-12 (1991)

View on Pith 1991

[2] [11]

E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. 243B (1990) 427; A. F. Falk, B. Grinstein and M. E. Luke, Nucl. Phys. B357 (1991 ) 185

View on Pith 1990

[3] [13]

P. Cho and B. Grinstein, SSCL-Preprint-111, HUTP-92/A 012 (1992)

View on Pith 1992

[4] [14]

M. Luke, Phys. Lett. 252B (1990) 447

View on Pith 1990

[5] [1]

N. Isgur and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. 232B (1989) 113; Phys. Lett. 237B (1990) 527

View on Pith 1989

[6] [2]

H. D. Politzer and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. 206B (1988) 681; Phys. Lett. 208B (1988) 504

View on Pith 1988

[7] [3]

M. B. Voloshin and M. A. Shifman, Yad Fiz. 45 (1987) 463 [So v. J. Nucl. Phys. 45 (1987) 292]; Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 47 (1988) 511

View on Pith 1987

[8] [4]

E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. 234B (1990) 511

View on Pith 1990

[9] [5]

B. Grinstein, Nucl. Phys. B339 (1990) 253

View on Pith 1990

[10] [6]

H. Georgi, Phys. Lett. 240B (1990) 447

View on Pith 1990

[11] [7]

A. F. Falk, H. Georgi, B. Grinstein and M. B. Wise, Nucl. Ph ys. B343 (1990) 1

View on Pith 1990

[12] [9]

H. Georgi and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. 243B (1990) 279

View on Pith 1990

[13] [10]

C. Carone, Phys. Lett. 253B (1991) 408

View on Pith 1991

[14] [12]

L. Maiani, G. Martinelli and C. T. Sachrajda, SHEP 90/91 -32, ROME Prep. 812 (1991)

View on Pith 1991

[15] [15]

E. Jenkins and A. V. Manohar, Phys. Lett. 255B (1991) 558 , Baryon Chiral Pertur- bation Theory, UCSD preprint UCSD/PTH 91-30 (1991)

View on Pith 1991

[16] [16]

M. B. Wise, Caltech preprint CALT-68-1765 (1992)

View on Pith 1992

[17] [17]

G. Burdman and J. Donoghue, U. Mass. preprint UMHEP-365 (1992)

View on Pith 1992

[18] [18]

T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung, G.-L. Lin, Y. C. Li n and H.-L. Yu, Cornell preprint CLNS 92/1138 (1992)

View on Pith 1992

[19] [19]

P. Cho, HUTP-92-A014 (1992)

View on Pith 1992

[20] [20]

A. F. Falk and M. Luke, UCSD/PTH 92-14, SLAC-PUB-5812 (1 992). 13

View on Pith