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On the Baryon, Lepton-Flavour and Right-Handed Electron Asymmetries of the Universe
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 5 Feb 1993
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We show that provided some, but {\it not} all the lepton flavours are violated by ${\Delta}L{\neq}0$ interactions in equilibrium, the BAU may be regenerated without lepton mass effects.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Non-perturbative electroweak effects, in thermal equilibrium in the early universe, have the potential to erase the baryon asymmetry of the universe, unless it is encoded in a B-L asymmetry, or in some "accidentally" conserved quantity. We first consider the possibility that the BAU may be regenerated from lepton flavour asymmetries even when initially $B-L = 0$. We show that provided some, but {\it not} all the lepton flavours are violated by ${\Delta}L{\neq}0$ interactions in equilibrium, the BAU may be regenerated without lepton mass effects. We next examine the possibility of encoding the baryon asymmetry in a primordial asymmetry for the right-handed electron, which due to its weak Yukawa interaction only comes into chemical equilibrium as the sphalerons are falling out of equilibrium. This would also raise the possibility of preserving an initial baryon asymmetry when $B-L = 0$.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Non-perturbative electroweak effects, in thermal equilibrium in the early universe, have the potential to erase the baryon asymmetry of the universe, unless it is encoded in a B-L asymmetry, or in some "accidentally" conserved quantity. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.08 | hedged possibility 0.99 |
| s1 | We first consider the possibility that the BAU may be regenerated from lepton flavour asymmetries even when initially $B-L = 0$. | contribution 0.95 | 0.32 | 0.06 | hedged possibility 0.93 |
| s2 | We show that provided some, but {\it not} all the lepton flavours are violated by ${\Delta}L{\neq}0$ interactions in equilibrium, the BAU may be regenerated without lepton mass effects. | result 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.32 | asserted 0.66 |
| s3 | We next examine the possibility of encoding the baryon asymmetry in a primordial asymmetry for the right-handed electron, which due to its weak Yukawa interaction only comes into chemical equilibrium as the sphalerons are falling out of equilibrium. | contribution 0.98 | 0.25 | 0.08 | hedged possibility 0.62 |
| s4 | This would also raise the possibility of preserving an initial baryon asymmetry when $B-L = 0$. | interpretation 0.95 | 0.20 | 0.10 | hedged possibility 0.96 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Non-perturbative electroweak effects, in thermal equilibrium in the early universe, have the potential to erase the baryon asymmetry of the universe, unless it is encoded in a B-L asymmetry, or in some "accidentally" conserved quantity. We first consider the possibility that the BAU may be regenerated from lepton flavour asymmetries even when initially $B-L = 0$. We show that provided some, but {\it not} all the lepton flavours are violated by ${\Delta}L{\neq}0$ interactions in equilibrium, the BAU may be regenerated without lepton mass effects. We next examine the possibility of encoding the baryon asymmetry in a primordial asymmetry for the right-handed electron, which due to its weak Yukawa interaction only comes into chemical equilibrium as the sphalerons are falling out of equilibrium. This would also raise the possibility of preserving an initial baryon asymmetry when $B-L = 0$.
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References
How the literature uses it
27 arXiv papers cite this in 61 sentences
Papers citing it · 48 sentences without a confident label
Uses its data or values 3 papers
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The rate of these processes $Γ_RL$ is [ref] Γ_RL = 5.3×10^-3h_e^2(m_0/T)^2T = (Γ_0/2t_EW)(1-x/√(x)), where the variable $x = t/t_EW = (T_EW/T )^2$ is given by the Friedmann law, $t_EW = M_0/2T_EW^2$ and $M_0 = M_Pl/1.66√(g^*)$.
On the Contributions to the $\bf U_Y(1)$ Chern-Simons Term and the Evolution of Fermionic Asymmetries and Hypermagnetic Fields · The Evolution Equations for the Lepton Asymmetries and the Hypermagnetic Field · 0.91
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Then, $Γ_RL = Γ_0(1-x)/2t_EW√(x)$ with $Γ_0 = 121$ [ref] .
The effects of the U$_\textrm{Y}$(1) Chern-Simons term and its baryonic contribution on matter asymmetries and hypermagnetic fields · The Dynamical Equations for the Lepton and Baryon Asymmetries · 0.95
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Using Eq. [ref], together with $T_sf = 10^5 GeV$ for the electron Yukawa interaction in the SM [ref] , we obtain [equation] If chirality decay occurs before the onset of spin flipping, i.e., $χ≳10^-4$, we expect the hypermagnetic helicity to decay simultaneously.
Chiral magnetohydrodynamics with zero total chirality · Baryogenesis · 0.88
Compares with it 1 paper
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At $T = 10^3 GeV$ our result is about 5 times as large as the one obtained in [ref] .
Equilibration of right-handed electrons · Results and discussion · 1.00
Cites it as support 1 paper
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The electroweak sphaleron is unable to washout the $(B+L)$ asymmetry at temperatures $T ≳10^4$, because the (first generation) electron Yukawa interaction is out of equilibrium, and a lepton asymmetry can be stored in the right-chiral electron $e_R^1$ [ref] .
Baryogenesis from Decaying Magnetic Helicity · Numerical Results and Predictions · 0.96
Cites it as background 5 papers
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Right-handed electrons play a crucial role in some of the suggested scenarios in cosmology [ref] .
A Minimal System Including Weak Sphalerons for Investigating the Evolution of Matter Asymmetries and Hypermagnetic Fields · Introduction · 0.88
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A matter-antimatter asymmetry created at some very high temperature like, e.g. in GUT baryogenesis, can be protected from washout if the right-handed electrons [ref] are not yet in equilibrium.
Equilibration of right-handed electrons · Introduction · 0.86
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Among the earliest works, Joyce and Shaposhnikov [ref] showed that a helical hypermagnetic field can arise in the symmetric phase of the EW plasma from a preexisting lepton asymmetry carried by the right-chiral electron [ref] (see also Refs. [ref] ).
Evolution of the Baryon Asymmetry through the Electroweak Crossover in the Presence of a Helical Magnetic Field · Introduction · 0.95
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