Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking at Low Energies

Ann E. Nelson; Michael Dine

REVIEW

Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking at Low Energies

Michael Dine, Ann E. Nelson

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 8 Mar 1993 · 16 references

Pith's verdict: The paper that quietly founded gauge mediation: the mass relations and messenger mechanism are the real content, and the one soft spot is the electroweak sector in §4.5, which is asserted rather than shown.

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arXiv IDhep-ph/9303230 (version 2)

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CitationAnn E. Nelson, Michael Dine. "Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking at Low Energies." arXiv:hep-ph/9303230 (1993). https://pith.science/paper/4YF2TT57

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Editor's note

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Worth your time, and worth citing. This is the paper that makes the case for gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, though it never uses the phrase. The durable content isn't the specific SU(7)×SU(2)×SU(3)_L×SU(3)_R model — that's an existence proof and the authors say so — but two structural results: gaugino masses arise at one loop and scale as α_i, and sfermion masses arise at two loops, come out positive, and depend only on gauge quantum numbers. That last point is the flavor problem solved by construction rather than by assumption, and it's why the paper matters. The two obstacles that sank the earlier DSB literature (their ref. 4) are genuinely cleared: a separate confining group, R-color, masses up the would-be axion, and messenger fields carrying both R-color and Standard Model quantum numbers keep QCD nearly asymptotically free. Both fixes are simple and, in retrospect, obvious, which is the mark of a good idea. The authors are also unusually candid about their own weaknesses — metastable vacuum with no global ground state, the g_L = g_R fine-tuning, domain walls, stable f fermions. (The compiled record claims they state no limitations; that's simply wrong, they list four or five.) Where it's soft is §4.5. The electroweak half of the existence proof isn't delivered. They add a singlet and a vector-like 5+5bar, say 'if these additional couplings are large enough, several things will happen,' then assert 'it is clear that there are finite ranges of parameters for which a sensible spectrum is obtained, with all the scalars heavier than the Z.' No range is exhibited, and the very next sentence concedes 'a light pseudoscalar, with mass in the GeV range.' Those two sentences don't sit together unless the pseudoscalar is exempt from 'all the scalars,' and the paper doesn't argue that. It matters because they rejected the previous version of this potential precisely on the grounds that a sub-40-GeV scalar is excluded by Z → scalar + pseudoscalar; the cure hinges on the singlet-doublet mixing angle, which is never estimated. That's the one gap I'd press in review. The abstract's 'solves these problems' is a mild overreach relative to the body, but the two named problems really are addressed. Read it if you work on supersymmetry breaking, mediation, or the flavor problem. The specific model is a museum piece; the mass relations and the messenger mechanism are not. Send it out — the construction is honest, the derivations are clean, and the unearned claim is localized enough to be fixed in revision.

Referee report

Significance

The structural idea is important and, if correct, changes how one thinks about the supersymmetry-breaking scale: putting the breaking in the visible sector at 10^7 GeV rather than in a hidden sector at 10^11 GeV makes the soft spectrum calculable in terms of gauge quantum numbers and removes the flavor problem by construction rather than by assumption. The paper is candid that the non-perturbative superpotential of Eq. (4.4) is taken from the published Affleck-Dine-Seiberg analysis (ref. 8) and applies it within its stated hypotheses, which is appropriate. It also makes falsifiable predictions that were unusual for 1993: gaugino mass unification m_i proportional to alpha_i (Eq. 4.25), the fixed ratios of squark, slepton-doublet and slepton-singlet masses in Eq. (4.26) (~900, ~250 and ~100 GeV), a gravitino of order a keV, and at least one singlet plus a set of mirror quarks and leptons at accessible energies. The identification of gauge-mediated transmission as the origin of flavor degeneracy is the paper's lasting contribution, and the authors deserve credit for stating the signatures concretely enough to be tested.

Major objections (5)

[§4.5, final paragraph] The realism claim on which the abstract's 'realistic example' rests is asserted rather than exhibited, and the section contradicts itself within a few sentences. The text first says the added singlet and vector-like 5+5bar 'can' give a sensible breaking, then states 'it is clear that there are finite ranges of parameters for which a sensible spectrum is obtained, with all the scalars heavier than the Z,' and then immediately concedes 'There is generically a light pseudoscalar, with mass in the GeV range, which is mainly a gauge singlet.' Both cannot hold as written unless the pseudoscalar is explicitly exempted from 'all the scalars,' which is not argued. This matters because the same section rejects the earlier potential of Eq. (4.28) on exactly this ground: 'there is always a scalar field with a mass less than about 40 GeV,' which is 'unacceptable, given the strong LEP limits on the decay Z -> scalar + pseudoscalar.' The proposed cure (the S D Dbar and H2 q Dbar couplings) is motivated only qualitatively. Please exhibit at least one parameter point: the loop-generated soft masses for S, H1 and H2, the resulting S vacuum expectation value, the singlet-doublet mixing angle, and the implied Z -> H A branching ratio compared with the LEP limit. Without this the electroweak half of the existence proof is not established.
[§4.5, last paragraph, and §4.6(f)] The treatment of QCD asymptotic freedom is internally unclear and does not obviously support the abstract's claim to solve the 'difficulties with asymptotic freedom.' The text states that 'with this minimal set of extra fields, QCD is no longer asymptotically free above the scale of the f and fbar fields,' but the field content of Eq. (4.2) appears to give N_f = 8 against N_c = 3 (six ordinary flavors, one from the f/fbar triplet pair, one from D/Dbar), i.e. b_0 = 3N_c - N_f = 1 > 0, which is asymptotically free. Either the counting differs from what the multiplet table implies, in which case N_f should be stated explicitly, or the sentence is in error. In either case, since claim (f) is 'all couplings are small up to very high energies,' please give b_0 and b_1 for the ordinary SU(3) including all new triplets, state at which scale each new threshold is crossed, and quote the resulting Landau pole scale. The introduction's 'nearly asymptotically flat' is a weaker statement than the abstract's resolution of the asymptotic-freedom problem, and the quantitative gap between them should be closed.
[§4.6(d), with Eq. (4.3) and Eq. (4.27)] Claim (d), 'There is no new source of CP violation in the low energy theory, explaining the absence of large particle electric dipole moments,' is not demonstrated. The superpotential of Eq. (4.3) contains lambda_1 through lambda_5 (with lambda_5 standing for four independent couplings), Eq. (4.27) adds lambda-tilde_1 and lambda-tilde_2, and §4.5 adds further couplings S D Dbar and H2 q Dbar; in general all of these are complex. The claim requires an explicit demonstration that all phases can be removed by field redefinitions, or a statement of which invariant phase survives and why it is small. Since the absence of supersymmetric CP violation is one of the paper's advertised naturalness gains, this should be shown rather than asserted, at minimum by listing the surviving rephasing symmetries and counting the physical phases.
[§4.3, and §3] The authors acknowledge in §3 that the model has no ground state, that a supersymmetric minimum sits at infinite field value, and that the desired vacuum is at best a local minimum; they state that 'for small coupling, this minimum will be essentially stable against tunnelling' and decline to worry about how the universe arrived there. The acknowledgment is fair, but the stability claim is load-bearing for whether the model describes our world at all and is given without a calculation. Please estimate the tunnelling rate along the direction described by the scaling Q ~ x^{1/4}, q ~ x^{-1/8} that the text says drives the energy to zero as x^{-1/2}, and compare the resulting lifetime with the age of the universe for the same parameter range used elsewhere. A statement of the parametric scaling of the bounce action with the small couplings would suffice; an unqualified 'essentially stable' does not.
[§4.3-§4.5, Eqs. (4.15), (4.18), (4.21), (4.25), (4.26)] Every mass in the paper is a scaling estimate in small couplings, and no single numerical benchmark point is given anywhere. The analysis assumes lambda_3 << lambda_1 << lambda_2, g_L << g_7, Lambda_7 ~ 10^7 GeV, Lambda_R >~ 100 GeV, and g_L = g_R to accuracy of order alpha/pi, and the reader cannot check that these are simultaneously satisfiable with all couplings perturbative to M_P. In particular, Eq. (4.21) is an expansion in F_X/M_V^2, so a benchmark point should show that this ratio is small, and that the one-loop masses of Eq. (4.21) are indeed smaller than the tree-level masses they correct. One consistent parameter set, run through Eqs. (4.15), (4.18), (4.25) and (4.26) to give a numerical spectrum, would convert the existence proof into something a reader can verify and would also make the predictions of Eq. (4.26) concrete.

Minor objections (7)

[Eq. (4.2)] The multiplet table is not uniform: the Q row ends with a stray comma and no SU(7)_G entry, while the Qbar row has five entries. Please make the number of columns and the SU(7)_G charges explicit for every field.
[Eq. (4.3)] The notation lambda_23 and lambda_43 for the det(X^3) and det(Xbar^3) couplings is ambiguous; presumably these are lambda_2/3 and lambda_4/3, but this should be written out. Similarly, the sentence following Eq. (4.3) should display the four independent couplings lambda_5^{t,d,s,s'} explicitly rather than only naming them.
[Eqs. (4.12)-(4.13)] The definition a^4 det Phi = Phi-tilde in Eq. (4.13) should be accompanied by the mass dimension of Phi-tilde and of det Phi, since Eq. (4.12) then uses Phi-tilde^{-1/2} and the reader needs to check that the dimensions work out.
[Eq. (4.8)] The relation |h|^2 = |c|^2 - |b|^2 requires |c| > |b|, and similarly for the other two relations. Please state the resulting inequalities on the parameters, since they constrain the allowed region of the minimum in Eq. (4.7).
[§4.4] The assumption g_L = g_R is argued to be natural because radiative corrections arise only at high loop order. This would be strengthened by noting explicitly that the SU(3)_L and SU(3)_R matter content is left-right symmetric (Qbar, Xbar, f versus Q, X, fbar), so the one-loop beta functions are equal and the equality is radiatively stable; as written the reader must verify this.
[§4.6(i)] The statement that the gravitino is 'of order a keV' should be accompanied by the numerical estimate m_{3/2} ~ F_X/M_P using the F_X of Eq. (4.18), so that the reader can check the value against the supercolor scale Lambda_7 ~ 10^7 GeV quoted in §4.3.
[Figures 1-8] The captions are terse and do not identify which fields propagate in each loop. Please state, for each figure, the internal lines and the external fields, so that the diagrams can be checked against the corresponding equations.

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The paper

The paper claims

The authors construct an explicit supersymmetric model in which supersymmetry breaks dynamically at multi-TeV energies, not at some inaccessible high scale, and the breaking reaches ordinary particles only through gauge interactions.

The reading

Supersymmetry is usually invoked to explain why the weak scale is so far below the Planck scale, but in the standard supergravity versions the breaking scale is inserted by hand and the soft masses are free parameters, so flavor-changing neutral currents and electric dipole moments have to be tuned away. Dine and Nelson ask whether supersymmetry can instead be broken dynamically by a new strong gauge sector at multi-TeV energies, with the breaking communicated to squarks, sleptons and gauginos purely by gauge loops. Two obstacles killed earlier attempts: the models came with an unwanted axion (a massless Goldstone boson of a spontaneously broken global symmetry) and with so many new colored fermions that QCD lost asymptotic freedom. The paper's claim is that both obstacles can be cleared at once, and it exhibits a working example: an $SU(7)'' times $SU(2)$ supercolor sector, a second strong group called R-color that gives the would-be axion a mass, and messenger fields carrying both R-color and ordinary gauge quantum numbers. If the construction holds, the superpartner spectrum becomes calculable from gauge quantum numbers alone, which is exactly what suppresses flavor violation, and the model makes concrete low-energy predictions rather than leaving the soft terms arbitrary.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing device is gauge mediation from a supercolor sector through messenger fields. Supersymmetry breaking is generated non-perturbatively in $SU(7)$ supersymmetric QCD with $N_f = N - 2$ flavors, where the exact superpotential $W = b Lambda^{(3N - N_f)/(N - N_f)} (det Phi)^{-1/(N - N_f)}$ is fixed by the flavor and $R$ symmetries; small superpotential couplings keep the $F$-terms small compared with the messenger mass scale, so the spectrum is nearly supersymmetric and masses can be computed in a systematic expansion. The messenger fields $f$, $bar f$ and $bar X$ then transmit the splitting to the standard-model superpartners through ordinary gauge loops, which is what makes the soft masses depend only on gauge quantum numbers and hence be flavor-blind. R-color, the unbroken diagonal $SU(3)$ of $SU(3)_L'' times $SU(3)_R$ and a subgroup of $SU(7)$, does double duty: it makes QCD only barely non-asymptotically free because the messenger exotic matter is integrated out below its scale, and its anomaly gives the pseudo-Goldstone boson a mass.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper claims an existence proof: a supersymmetric model in which supersymmetry is broken dynamically at comparatively low energy and all the naturalness problems of conventional hidden-sector models are addressed. The supercolor sector is $SU(7)'' times $SU(2)$ with five flavors; $SU(7)$ gets strong and generates a non-perturbative superpotential $W_{np} = $Lambda^{8}$ / (det Phi)^{1/2}$, which together with the $D$-terms lifts the classical flat directions and produces small $F$-components. A gauged $SU(3)_L'' times $SU(3)_R$ subgroup survives as R-color, and the messenger fields $f$, $bar f$ and $bar X$ carry R-color as well as ordinary gauge quantum numbers. Because the messengers couple to ordinary fields only through gauge interactions, gauginos get mass at one loop, $m_i = (alpha_i/pi) langle F_{bar X} rangle / langle bar X rangle$, squarks and sleptons get positive mass-squared at two loops proportional to the quadratic Casimir of their representation, and the resulting spectrum is automatically degenerate across flavors. The same strong R-color group supplies an anomaly that gives the would-be axion a mass of order $Lambda_R^2 / Lambda_7$, which the authors argue can reach the few-MeV scale needed to satisfy astrophysical bounds. Electroweak breaking is arranged to come from a three-loop top-Yukawa contribution that drives the Higgs mass-squared negative, with a singlet $S$ and vector-like $5$ and $bar 5$ fields added to give a quartic coupling and masses for all fermions.

Load-bearing premise

The construction assumes, without exhibiting a parameter range, that the electroweak sector with the added singlet and vector-like fields has a vacuum in which all scalar masses are above the $Z$ mass, even though the authors concede a pseudoscalar in the GeV range survives.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

Squark and slepton masses are fixed by gauge quantum numbers up to logarithmic running, so flavor-changing neutral currents and new CP violation are suppressed without assuming degeneracy at a high scale.
The gaugino masses obey the same unification relations as in minimal supergravity, $m_3/g_3^2 approx m_2/g_2^2 approx (3/5) m_1/g_1^2$, when the messenger $F$-term is small compared with the messenger mass.
The spectrum is roughly predictive: slepton doublets near the weak scale, singlet sleptons around 100 GeV and possibly within reach of LEP II, squarks near 900 GeV.
The model requires at least one singlet and a set of mirror quarks and leptons at experimentally accessible energies, in addition to the MSSM fields.
QCD remains nearly asymptotically free, so the theory does not hit a Landau pole until extremely high energy, preserving the possibility of gauge coupling unification.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The construction is a template rather than a final model: any sector that breaks supersymmetry dynamically and carries a gauged flavor group large enough to contain a messenger $SU(3)$ can be plugged into the same gauge-mediation pipeline, so the search space is broader than the single $SU(7)'' times $SU(2)$ example.
Because the soft masses are generated at two loops and are flavor-blind by construction, the model predicts that the usual squark mass-insertion parameters are small, which makes it distinguishable from supergravity mediation by the pattern of $B$ and $K$ meson observables rather than by the overall mass scale alone.
The authors note a surviving light pseudoscalar in the GeV range and a heavy stable messenger fermion; both are the kind of relics that late-Universe cosmology and beam-dump or rare-decay searches could probe, so the cosmological and collider sides of the model are not independent tests.
The requirement that the two $SU(3)$ couplings be nearly equal to suppress a hypercharge Fayet-Iliopoulos term is a residue of grand unification; if the model is embedded in a unified group, that equality is automatic, which suggests the natural home for this construction is a unified theory rather than a standalone low-energy model.

Original abstract

Conventional approaches to supersymmetric model building suffer from several naturalness problems: they do not explain the large hierarchy between the weak scale and the Planck mass, and they require fine tuning to avoid large flavor changing neutral currents and particle electric dipole moments. The existence of models with dynamical supersymmetry breaking, which can explain the hierarchy, has been known for some time, but efforts to build such models have suffered from unwanted axions and difficulties with asymptotic freedom. In this paper, we describe an approach to model building with supersymmetry broken at comparatively low energies which solves these problems, and give a realistic example.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,071 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.07 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.05 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.04 · compares with prior results 0.81 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Conventional approaches to supersymmetric model building suffer from several naturalness problems: they do not explain the large hierarchy between the weak scale and the Planck mass, and they require fine tuning to avoid large flavor changing neutral currents and particle electric dipole moments. The existence of models with dynamical supersymmetry breaking, which can explain the hierarchy, has been known for some time, but efforts to build such models have suffered from unwanted axions and difficulties with asymptotic freedom. In this paper, we describe an approach to model building with supersymmetry broken at comparatively low energies which solves these problems, and give a realistic example.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Conventional approaches to supersymmetric model building suffer from several naturalness problems: they do not explain the large hierarchy between the weak scale and the Planck mass, and they require fine tuning to avoid large flavor changing neutral currents and particle electric dipole moments.	background 0.99	0.04	0.03	asserted 1.00
s1	The existence of models with dynamical supersymmetry breaking, which can explain the hierarchy, has been known for some time, but efforts to build such models have suffered from unwanted axions and difficulties with asymptotic freedom.	background 0.81	0.04	0.03	asserted 1.00
s2	In this paper, we describe an approach to model building with supersymmetry broken at comparatively low energies which solves these problems, and give a realistic example.	contribution 1.00	0.94	0.81	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.89 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.70.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v2

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures

**Figure 3.** These diagrams are logarithmically divergent. The upper cuto

Showing 1 of the paper's 3 figures. See all figures in the PDF ↗ Figures reproduced from arXiv:hep-ph/9303230 by the authors.

References

Works cited (16)

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Enforcing an extended R-symmetry on weak-scale supersymmetry, which forces Dirac gauginos and forbids A-terms and the mu-term, allows order-one flavor-violating squark soft masses consistent with K-Kbar mixing for squ...
(Extra)Ordinary Gauge Mediation
hep-ph 2007-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Adding arbitrary R-symmetric messenger mass terms to ordinary gauge mediation yields a three-way classification of models whose soft masses are set by an effective messenger number that can differ between doublets and...
Revisiting Universal Extra-Dimension Model with Gravity Mediated Decays
hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Existing LHC data exclude fat-brane mUED compactification scales below about 3 TeV, and ML-tagged searches at 500 fb^-1 could extend the reach to roughly 3.2 to 3.4 TeV.
Cosmological Constraints on Light (but Massive) Relics
astro-ph.CO 2021-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Combined CMB, full-shape galaxy, and weak-lensing data rule out light relic particles above roughly 2.3 eV (Weyl), 11 eV (scalar), 1.6 eV (vector), and 1.1 eV (Dirac) at 95% confidence, assuming the minimum relic temp...
Search for heavy charged long-lived particles in the ATLAS detector in 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV
hep-ex 2019-02 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No long-lived charged particles are observed in 36.1 fb^-1 of 13 TeV ATLAS data, excluding long-lived gluino R-hadrons below 2000 GeV, stop R-hadrons below 1340 GeV, sbottom R-hadrons below 1250 GeV, charginos below 1...
SusyHD: Higgs mass Determination in Supersymmetry
hep-ph 2015-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

An improved effective-field-theory calculation of the MSSM Higgs mass, with new threshold corrections and a public code, finds sub-GeV theoretical uncertainty across most of the parameter space and pushes the preferre...
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV
hep-ex 2014-11 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No excess of heavy long-lived charged particles appears in 19.1 fb^-1 of 8 TeV ATLAS data, giving 95% CL mass exclusions up to 1500 GeV for squarks and 1270 GeV for gluino R-hadrons in the models tested.
Search for non-pointing and delayed photons in the diphoton and missing transverse momentum final state in 8 TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC using the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2014-09 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No excess of non-pointing or delayed photons is observed in 20.3 fb^-1 of 8 TeV ATLAS data, excluding GMSB SPS8 neutralino lifetimes of 0.25 to about 100 ns for SUSY-breaking scales of 80 to 300 TeV.
Search for the direct production of charginos, neutralinos and staus in final states with at least two hadronically decaying taus and missing transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2014-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A dedicated di-tau plus missing-energy search in 8 TeV ATLAS data finds no SUSY excess and excludes charginos up to 345 GeV (pair production) and 410 GeV (associated production) for a massless lightest neutralino.
Search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons in $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2014-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No excess of four-lepton events was observed in 8 TeV ATLAS data, and gluino masses below 1350 GeV and chargino masses below 750 GeV are excluded in R-parity-violating simplified models with electron and muon final states.
Search for direct production of charginos, neutralinos and sleptons in final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2014-03 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No significant excess over Standard Model expectations is seen in two-lepton plus missing-momentum final states, yielding 95% CL lower mass limits of up to 465 GeV on charginos and 325 GeV on sleptons for a massless l...
A Complete Model of Low-Scale Gauge Mediation
hep-ph 2012-06 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A weakly-coupled model of low-scale gauge mediation is built in which Higgs-messenger couplings generate large A-terms and, via an NMSSM singlet, viable µ and Bµ terms, accommodating a 125 GeV Higgs.
General Neutralino NLSPs at the Early LHC
hep-ph 2011-03 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

For gauge-mediated supersymmetry with a promptly decaying neutralino, gluino pair production at 7 TeV should already be visible in 2010 LHC data across bino, wino, and higgsino cases, with electroweak production reach...
Anatomy of New Physics in B-Bbar mixing
hep-ph 2010-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Simultaneous CKM-plus-New-Physics fits to B_d, B_s and K mixing prefer complex new mixing phases, excluding the Standard Model point Delta_d = Delta_s = 1 at 3.6 sigma (Scenario I) and 3.3 sigma (Scenario III).
Neutralino dark matter in gauge mediation
hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Neutralino dark matter is viable in four scenarios within a 5D gauge mediation model with an O(100) TeV gravitino, and the allowed parameter regions are mapped against current experiments.
Search for photonic signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry in 13 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2018-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

No excess over Standard Model expectations appears in 36.1 fb^-1 of 13 TeV ATLAS data with photons and missing transverse momentum, yielding 95% CL lower mass limits of 2150 GeV for gluinos, 1820 GeV for squarks and 1...
Search for long-lived stopped R-hadrons decaying out-of-time with pp collisions using the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2013-10 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

No stopped R-hadron decays were observed in 5.0 fb-1 at 7 TeV plus 22.9 fb-1 at 8 TeV, excluding gluinos below 832 GeV, stops below 379 GeV, and sbottoms below 344 GeV for lifetimes of 10 microseconds to 1000 seconds.
Post-LHC7 fine-tuning in the mSUGRA/CMSSM model with a 125 GeV Higgs boson
hep-ph 2012-10 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

After LHC7 sparticle limits and a 125 GeV Higgs, the surviving mSUGRA/CMSSM parameter space requires at least 0.1 percent fine-tuning by a high-scale measure and 1 percent by a weak-scale measure.
A 125GeV Higgs Boson and Muon g-2 in More Generic Gauge Mediation
hep-ph 2012-01 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Type-II gauge mediation, in which the up-type Higgs mixes with the messenger doublets, can produce a 125 GeV Higgs boson with a 1 TeV gluino and simultaneously bring the muon g-2 within 1σ of experiment.
Simplified Models for LHC New Physics Searches
hep-ph 2011-05 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

A community workshop produced a standardized catalog of simplified models for LHC new-physics searches, intended to make experimental limits reusable across many theories.
Dark Radiation Emerging After Big Bang Nucleosynthesis?
astro-ph.CO 2010-11 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Decay of invisible non-relativistic matter into dark radiation after big bang nucleosynthesis can raise the effective neutrino number seen by the cosmic microwave background without spoiling primordial light-element a...
Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model
hep-ph 2010-02 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Existing flavor-changing and CP-violating measurements force TeV-scale new physics to have a highly non-generic flavor structure, and the review catalogs those bounds, the Minimal Flavor Violation escape route, and th...
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
hep-ph 2009-10 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

A comprehensive review of the NMSSM that consolidates its Higgs and neutralino sectors, radiative corrections, collider and low-energy phenomenology, dark matter, and variant scenarios into a single reference with exp...
B, D and K decays
hep-ph 2008-01 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

A community review that fixes the pre-LHC status of quark-flavour physics, catalogues the benchmark rare decays most sensitive to new physics, and quantifies the hadronic uncertainties that limit them.
Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
hep-th 2024-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

A comprehensive review of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) and quasi-solitons (oscillons), their properties, dynamics, and roles in early-universe physics.
Dark matter production in the early Universe: beyond the thermal WIMP paradigm
hep-ph 2014-06 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

A comprehensive review argues that thermally produced WIMPs are increasingly constrained and that mixed axion/supersymmetric dark matter, including axinos and saxions, is a better-motivated target for the next generat...
Minimal Flavour Violation and Beyond
hep-ph 2012-02 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review argues that Minimal Flavour Violation, with Yukawa couplings as the only flavour spurions, keeps new physics consistent with quark-flavour data up to the TeV scale and yields testable correlations in B and ...
Electroweak Precision Observables in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
hep-ph 2004-12 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review finds that MSSM precision observables, especially in mSUGRA with cosmological constraints, describe the data well and favor a relatively light supersymmetric mass scale.
Particle Dark Matter: Evidence, Candidates and Constraints
hep-ph 2004-04 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review concludes that neutralinos and Kaluza-Klein B(1) particles remain viable dark matter candidates, with direct and indirect searches providing the strongest current and near-future tests.
The Soft Supersymmetry-Breaking Lagrangian: Theory and Applications
hep-ph 2003-12 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review compiles in one uniform notation the theory, experimental constraints, and cosmological implications of the MSSM soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian, arguing that measuring its parameters is the necessar...
A Supersymmetry Primer
hep-ph 1997-09 accept novelty 1.0 of 10

A self-contained pedagogical introduction to supersymmetry and the MSSM, from Lagrangian construction through soft breaking to collider phenomenology.

How the literature uses it

172 arXiv papers cite this in 235 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 100 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

In order to solve problems discussed in the previous section we will employ some of the tools proposed in the original GMSB models [ref] – namely we will introduce a secondary SUSY breaking sector.

Cascade supersymmetry breaking and low-scale gauge mediation · Cascade supersymmetry breaking · 0.97

Compares with it 1 paper

The first scenario corresponds to the messenger content of the minimal GSMB model [ref] and, as such, provides an interesting point of comparison for dark GSMB.

Dark gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with a massless dark photon · Introduction · 0.86

Cites it as background 116 papers

Let us start with working in gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) models [ref] as a promising way of realizing the sub-GeV $U(1)_X$ sector.

Dark matter and sub-GeV hidden U(1) in GMSB models · Spontaneous breaking of hidden $U(1)_X$ by gauge mediation · 0.80
The minimal gauge mediation (mGMSB) [ref] is probably the most famous model of GMSB and still continues to be a viable possibility.

Aspects of Non-minimal Gauge Mediation · Introduction · 0.97
In the usual GMSB scenario [ref] , the messenger fields are adopted as complete multiplets under $SU(5)$.

Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with generalized messenger sector at LHC · Introduction · 0.97

Discussion

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