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Matter effects in long baseline experiments, the flavor content of the heaviest (or lightest) neutrino and the sign of Delta m^2
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 25 Mar 1999
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Producing beams of neutrinos and antineutrinos and measuring the oscillation probabilities for both (nu_mu -> nu_e) and (antinu_mu -> antinu_e) transitions can solve the sign ambiguity in the determination of Delta m^2.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The neutrinos of long baseline beams travel inside the Earth's crust where the density is approximately rho = 2.8 g cm^-3. If electron neutrinos participate in the oscillations, matter effects will modify the oscillation probabilities with respect to the vacuum case. Depending on the sign of Delta m^2 an MSW resonance will exist for neutrinos or anti-neutrinos with energy approximately E_nu(res) = 4.7 |\Delta m^2|/(10^-3 eV^2) GeV. For Delta m^2 in the interval indicated by the Super-Kamiokande experiment this energy range is important for the proposed long baseline experiments. For positive Delta m^2 the most important effects of matter are a 9% (25%) enhancement of the transition probability P(nu_mu -> nu_e) for the KEK to Kamioka (Fermilab to Minos and CERN to Gran Sasso) beam(s) in the energy region where the probability has its first maximum, and an approximately equal suppression of P(antinu_mu -> antinu_e). For negative Delta m^2 the effects for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are interchanged. Producing beams of neutrinos and antineutrinos and measuring the oscillation probabilities for both (nu_mu -> nu_e) and (antinu_mu -> antinu_e) transitions can solve the sign ambiguity in the determination of Delta m^2.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The neutrinos of long baseline beams travel inside the Earth's crust where the density is approximately rho = 2.8 g cm^-3. | background 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | If electron neutrinos participate in the oscillations, matter effects will modify the oscillation probabilities with respect to the vacuum case. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | asserted 0.62 |
| s2 | Depending on the sign of Delta m^2 an MSW resonance will exist for neutrinos or anti-neutrinos with energy approximately E_nu(res) = 4.7 |\Delta m^2|/(10^-3 eV^2) GeV. | background 0.75 | 0.17 | 0.07 | asserted 0.81 |
| s3 | For Delta m^2 in the interval indicated by the Super-Kamiokande experiment this energy range is important for the proposed long baseline experiments. | background 0.91 | 0.08 | 0.04 | asserted 0.99 |
| s4 | For positive Delta m^2 the most important effects of matter are a 9% (25%) enhancement of the transition probability P(nu_mu -> nu_e) for the KEK to Kamioka (Fermilab to Minos and CERN to Gran Sasso) beam(s) in the energy region where the probability has its first maximum, and an approximately equal suppression of P(antinu_mu -> antinu_e). | result 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.18 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | For negative Delta m^2 the effects for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are interchanged. | result 0.94 | 0.24 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s6 | Producing beams of neutrinos and antineutrinos and measuring the oscillation probabilities for both (nu_mu -> nu_e) and (antinu_mu -> antinu_e) transitions can solve the sign ambiguity in the determination of Delta m^2. | interpretation 0.64 | 0.19 | 0.78 | asserted 0.87 |
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Original abstract
The neutrinos of long baseline beams travel inside the Earth's crust where the density is approximately rho = 2.8 g cm^-3. If electron neutrinos participate in the oscillations, matter effects will modify the oscillation probabilities with respect to the vacuum case. Depending on the sign of Delta m^2 an MSW resonance will exist for neutrinos or anti-neutrinos with energy approximately E_nu(res) = 4.7 |\Delta m^2|/(10^-3 eV^2) GeV. For Delta m^2 in the interval indicated by the Super-Kamiokande experiment this energy range is important for the proposed long baseline experiments. For positive Delta m^2 the most important effects of matter are a 9% (25%) enhancement of the transition probability P(nu_mu -> nu_e) for the KEK to Kamioka (Fermilab to Minos and CERN to Gran Sasso) beam(s) in the energy region where the probability has its first maximum, and an approximately equal suppression of P(antinu_mu -> antinu_e). For negative Delta m^2 the effects for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are interchanged. Producing beams of neutrinos and antineutrinos and measuring the oscillation probabilities for both (nu_mu -> nu_e) and (antinu_mu -> antinu_e) transitions can solve the sign ambiguity in the determination of Delta m^2.
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Over a sizeable region of oscillation parameter space, matter effects would enable the sign of \delta m^2 to be determined from a comparison of \nu_e --> \nu_\mu with \bar\nu_e --> \bar\nu_\mu event rates and energy distributions.
Long-Baseline Study of the Leading Neutrino Oscillation at a Neutrino Factory · 0.84
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