Pith. Sign in

RECORD

Cosmological Expansion in the Presence of an Extra Dimension

PaperPDF from arXiv

data files

Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit Hacker News
James M. Cline, Christophe Grojean, Geraldine Servant

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 28 Jun 1999

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Our observation allows for normal expansion during nucleosynthesis, but faster than normal expansion in the very early universe, which could be helpful for electroweak baryogenesis, for example.

how it is stated · hedged possibility 0.89 read the record →

Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗
Cite ▾
arXiv IDhep-ph/9906523 (version 4)
Pith IDY5W6O4C6, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationChristophe Grojean, Geraldine Servant, James M. Cline. "Cosmological Expansion in the Presence of an Extra Dimension." arXiv:hep-ph/9906523 (1999). https://pith.science/paper/Y5W6O4C6
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,066 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.53 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.10 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.09 · compares with prior results 0.92 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v4. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

It has recently been pointed out that global solutions of Einstein's equations for a 3-brane universe embedded in 4 spatial dimensions give rise to a Friedmann equation of the form H ~ rho on the brane, instead of the usual H ~ (rho)^{1/2}, which is inconsistent with cosmological observations. We remedy this problem by adding cosmological constants to the brane and the bulk, as in the recent scenario of Randall and Sundrum. Our observation allows for normal expansion during nucleosynthesis, but faster than normal expansion in the very early universe, which could be helpful for electroweak baryogenesis, for example.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 It has recently been pointed out that global solutions of Einstein's equations for a 3-brane universe embedded in 4 spatial dimensions give rise to a Friedmann equation of the form H ~ rho on the brane, instead of the usual H ~ (rho)^{1/2}, which is inconsistent with cosmological observations. background 0.98 0.04 0.10 asserted 0.99
s1 We remedy this problem by adding cosmological constants to the brane and the bulk, as in the recent scenario of Randall and Sundrum. method 0.57 0.79 0.10 asserted 0.99
s2 Our observation allows for normal expansion during nucleosynthesis, but faster than normal expansion in the very early universe, which could be helpful for electroweak baryogenesis, for example. interpretation 0.72 0.81 0.54 hedged possibility 0.89

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.93.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v4
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

It has recently been pointed out that global solutions of Einstein's equations for a 3-brane universe embedded in 4 spatial dimensions give rise to a Friedmann equation of the form H ~ rho on the brane, instead of the usual H ~ (rho)^{1/2}, which is inconsistent with cosmological observations. We remedy this problem by adding cosmological constants to the brane and the bulk, as in the recent scenario of Randall and Sundrum. Our observation allows for normal expansion during nucleosynthesis, but faster than normal expansion in the very early universe, which could be helpful for electroweak baryogenesis, for example.

Human review

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

References
How the literature uses it

40 arXiv papers cite this in 47 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 22 sentences without a confident label

Contests it 1 paper
  • This criticism applied equally to the warped models of [ref] .

    Braneworld Cosmology · Warped extra dimensions · contest 0.82

Uses its data or values 2 papers
Compares with it 2 papers
  • This relation for the Hubble constant is in spirit similar to the standard result [ref] [ref] that the expression for the square of the Hubble constant in Randall-Sundrum type models [ref] contains a term quadratic in the brane energy density.

    De Sitter and Minkowski Solutions in 4+1 Brane-World Models · The Model · 0.98

  • Further differences include the fact that we do not introduce an ultraviolet cut-off in the gauge theory or branes in the bulk [ref] but work directly with dynamical gravity at the boundary;

    Holographic Evolution with Dynamical Boundary Gravity · Introduction · 0.95

Cites it as support 1 paper
Cites it as background 19 papers
  • Before the realization that such pathological behavior was linked to the failure to stabilize the extra dimension, it was discovered that in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model [ref] with a warped extra dimension due to a negative bulk cosmological constant, the Friedmann equation took a more interesting form, [equation] where $T$ is the brane tension [ref] .

    Modified Friedmann Equation and Inflation in Warped Codimension-two Braneworld · Introduction · 0.85

  • If our four-dimensional world is a 3-brane embedded in a higher-dimensional bulk, the Friedmann equation becomes [ref] [equation] where $Λ$ provides a relation between the four-dimensional Planck scale $M_4=√(8 π)M_P$ and five-dimensional Planck scale $M_5$ via [equation] Here we consider $M_5$ as a free parameter that can be considerably smaller than $M_4$.

    D-term inflation in braneworld models: Consistency with cosmic-string bounds and early-time Hubble tension resolving models · D-term Inflation on the brane · 0.88

  • In a large class of these models a Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe arises by the evolution of a three-dimensional brane in an AdS or in an AdS black-hole spacetime [ref] .

    Universe Acceleration in Brane World Models · Introduction · 0.93

Discussion

Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.