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QED Effective Action at Finite Temperature: Two-Loop Dominance
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We calculate the two-loop effective action of QED for arbitrary constant electromagnetic fields at finite temperature T in the limit of T much smaller than the electron mass. It is shown that in this regime the two-loop contribution always exceeds the influence of the one-loop part due to the thermal excitation of the internal photon. As an application, we study light propagation and photon splitting in the presence of a magnetic background field at low temperature. We furthermore discover a thermally induced contribution to pair production in electric fields.
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Leading low-temperature correction to the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian
The leading low-T correction to the two-loop Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian is extracted from derivatives of the one-loop zero-T version via real-time formalism, then dressed with tadpoles and resummed to all loops.
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