Invasion of the Giant Gravitons from Anti-de Sitter Space

John McGreevy; Leonard Susskind; Nicolaos Toumbas

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Invasion of the Giant Gravitons from Anti-de Sitter Space

John McGreevy, Leonard Susskind, Nicolaos Toumbas

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 9 Mar 2000 · 21 references

Pith's verdict: The giant graviton paper: the brane-on-sphere mechanism for the stringy exclusion bound is correct, and the one real soft spot — that the r = 0 point particle is BPS-degenerate with the brane — is acknowledged and argued heuristically rather than proved.

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arXiv IDhep-th/0003075 (version 4)

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CitationJohn McGreevy, Leonard Susskind, Nicolaos Toumbas. "Invasion of the Giant Gravitons from Anti-de Sitter Space." arXiv:hep-th/0003075 (2000). https://pith.science/paper/RY7FVKDO

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Short version: this is the paper that introduced the giant graviton, and the mechanism it proposes — that the stringy exclusion bound L ≤ N is just the statement that a blown-up spherical brane has to fit inside the sphere — has held up for twenty-five years of follow-up work. Worth your time if you care about BPS states in AdS/CFT or the IR/UV connection more broadly. What's actually new: Myers' dielectric-brane formula gives r ~ B P l_p^6 in flat space; the authors turn that into an exact DBI plus Chern-Simons computation on S^4, S^5, and S^7. In each case the stable minimum sits at r = (L/N)^{1/(m-2)} R, the angular momentum saturates at N when r = R, and the energy at the minimum is E = L/R, matching the BPS graviton. I checked the AdS7 algebra and the AdS5/AdS4 analogues; they're right. The dipole warm-up in section 2 is a clean way to set up the intuition, and the AdS3 section is honest about not knowing what the graviton blows up into. Where it's soft: the stress-test is right that the r = 0 point-particle solution also has E = L/R exactly, so the BPS energy matching does not by itself pick out the brane. The authors know this — section 3.1 says so explicitly and falls back on a phase-space argument ('much more nearby phase space'). That's a heuristic, not a derivation. But it's a heuristic about which of two classically degenerate configurations is the right quantum state, and the paper's actual claim is about the mechanism, not a proof that the spectrum terminates. The bound was already known from the CFT side; what's new is the bulk picture, and the bulk picture is that a smooth brane exists precisely for L ≤ N. That part is solid. A smaller point: the computation assumes a particular spherical embedding; there's no general argument that no other configuration evades the bound. For the purpose of the paper that's fine, but a referee should ask. Who should read it: anyone working on AdS/CFT BPS states, half-BPS sectors, or the IR/UV connection. It's short, the calculations are reproducible, and the physical picture is the one people still use. Recommendation: send it out. This deserves referee time, and I'd expect it to be accepted with only minor comments about the phase-space argument and the AdS3 gap.

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Major objections (2)

[§3.1, Eqs. (3.23)–(3.27) and paragraph following Eq. (3.34)] The identification of the classical brane with the quantum Kaluza–Klein state is the load-bearing step, and it is argued heuristically. Both the brane branch and the r = 0 point-particle branch saturate E = L/R (Eq. 3.25 at r = (L/N)R and at r = 0), so the BPS energy matching does not by itself select the brane. The authors acknowledge the r = 0 minimum and argue that the smooth membrane has 'much more nearby phase space,' which is plausible but not a controlled calculation. A concrete sharpening would be either a semiclassical comparison of the two saddles (one-loop determinants or a WKB density-of-states estimate), or an explicit statement that the bulk computation establishes the existence of a smooth brane branch with L ≤ N while the termination of the spectrum is inferred from the CFT, as §3.2 does via the uniqueness of the BPS state. The abstract's 'we will show' should be softened accordingly.
[§3.1, sentence preceding Eq. (3.24)] The stated kinematic justification for the bound is not the one that works. The text says 'the velocity of its center of mass, φ̇R, cannot exceed the speed of light. This implies that the angular momentum has a maximum value given by N,' but the DBI constraint is φ̇√(R²−r²) ≤ 1, which is weaker; with only that constraint L is unbounded at fixed r < R. The bound L ≤ N follows from extremizing E at fixed L (Eq. 3.26), which the paper does two equations later and which gives r = (L/N)R. The text should either replace the kinematic sentence with the extremization argument or justify the stronger constraint φ̇R ≤ 1.

Minor objections (7)

[Throughout] There are several typographical errors: 'corresponden ce', 'obscur e', 'w e', 'rececen tly', 'Polchinsk i', and 'l p' in several places. The acknowledgments list 'Jason Prince Kumar,' which is likely 'Jason Kumar.' Reference [18] merges two distinct entries (Maldacena–Susskind and Maldacena) under one number. The abstract writes 'AdS × S' without subscripts.
[§3.1, Eqs. (3.25)–(3.26)] The energy formula and its derivative are stated without intermediate algebra. A short derivation, or at least a check that the minimum at r = (L/N)R gives E = L/R, would make the central computation easier to verify.
[§3.1, paragraph after Eq. (3.34)] The statement that the r = 0 solution has energy of order N^{2/3} should specify the units (11-dimensional Planck units) so the comparison with E = L/R is transparent.
[§3.1, Eq. (3.26)] For L slightly above N there are additional non-BPS brane extrema at r < R with E > L/R. The claim that the brane 'can no longer grow' should be qualified to the BPS branch, since the non-BPS extrema do not correspond to the Kaluza–Klein graviton.
[§3.2, Eq. (3.41)] The AdS5 case states r² = (L/N)R² and E = L/R at the minimum; a line of algebra confirming the cancellation, analogous to the AdS7 case, would strengthen the parallel presentation.
[§3.4] The AdS3 case is explicitly left open ('A better understanding remains for future work'), which is appropriate, but the paper's scope should be stated in the introduction as covering the three maximally supersymmetric cases with m ≥ 4.
[Introduction] The broad framing that 'physics of increasing energy or momentum is governed by increasingly large distances' is rhetorically effective but could be softened, since the paper's actual result is the specific brane-radius scaling on the sphere.

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The paper

The paper claims

The limit on how much a particle can spin on a sphere is not a short-distance effect: the particle grows into a brane, and the bound is just the brane outgrowing the sphere.

The reading

String theory on a geometry of the form $AdS_n$ times an $m$-sphere appears to allow only finitely many single-particle states on the sphere: a massless quantum carrying angular momentum $L$ about the sphere cannot have $L$ larger than the integer $N$ that counts the units of flux through it. This is the stringy exclusion principle, and it had generally been read as a short-distance or quantum-gravity effect. The paper argues that the origin is instead a large-distance, essentially classical phenomenon: a massless particle with angular momentum $L$ on the sphere is not a point but a spherical brane of dimension $m-2$ whose radius grows with $L$. The bound is then nothing more than the geometric statement that the brane cannot be bigger than the sphere that contains it, and the paper checks in three maximally supersymmetric cases that the brane's energy at fixed $L$ reproduces the BPS graviton value $E = L/R$.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the spherical brane Lagrangian $L = -T_m V r^{m-2} sqrt{1 - (R^2 - r^2) dot{varphi}^2} + N (r^{m-1}/R^{m-1}) dot{varphi}$, where the first term is the Born-Infeld kinetic energy of an $S^{m-2}$ of radius $r$ moving around a circle of radius $sqrt{R^2 - r^2}$ and the second is the Chern-Simons coupling to the background flux, normalized so that $N$ is the flux quantum. Extremizing the energy at fixed $L$ gives the growth law $r^{m-2} = (L/N)R^{m-2}$ and the BPS energy $E = L/R$. The same structure appears in the toy problem of a dipole on a sphere threaded by a monopole of strength $N$, where the angular momentum is bounded by $N$ because the two ends of the dipole separate to the antipodes.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that the Kaluza-Klein graviton on the spherical factor of $AdS_n$ times $S^m$ is, at large angular momentum, better described as a spherical brane wrapping an $S^{m-2}$ inside the $S^m$ and orbiting a circle in the remaining two directions. The authors write the Dirac-Born-Infeld plus Chern-Simons action for such a brane, with the background flux supplying the Chern-Simons term, and find that at fixed $L$ the energy is minimized at a radius satisfying $r^{m-2} = (L/N)R^{m-2}$. Thus the object puffs up steadily with angular momentum, and at $L = N$ it fills the sphere; since no larger brane fits, the tower of states terminates. The energy at that minimum comes out as $E = L/R$, matching the BPS formula for a Kaluza-Klein graviton, which the authors offer as a nontrivial check on the identification. They carry this through for $AdS_7$ times $S^4$ (a membrane), $AdS_5$ times $S^5$ (a D3-brane), and $AdS_4$ times $S^7$ (an M5-brane), and they motivate the whole picture with the flat-space analogy of an electric dipole in a magnetic field, where a particle's momentum stretches it to a size proportional to $|P|/B$.

Load-bearing premise

The argument assumes that the classical spherical brane solution is the same physical object as the quantum Kaluza-Klein graviton state, rather than the competing point-like solution at $r = 0$; the paper supports this only by noting that the smooth brane has more nearby phase space, and it leaves the $AdS_3$ case explicitly open.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

The maximum angular momentum of a single graviton on the sphere is exactly the flux integer $N$, so the exclusion bound is fixed by the same integer that sets the sphere's radius.
At angular momentum of order $N$ the point-particle description of a Kaluza-Klein graviton is not just inconvenient but wrong: the state is a macroscopic brane of size comparable to the sphere.
The brane's energy at fixed $L$ agrees with the BPS graviton energy $E = L/R$, so the blowing-up process costs no energy and the brane can be the same BPS state the dual conformal field theory counts.
The singular point-like solution at $r = 0$, which for $L$ of order $N$ concentrates energy of order $N^{2/3}$ at a point, is resolved by a smooth brane of size $(L/N)R$ with far more nearby phase space.
The same growth law with a different exponent appears in each dimension: $r \propto L/N$ on $S^4$, $r^2 \propto L/N$ on $S^5$, $r^4 \propto L/N$ on $S^7$.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the identification holds, the size of a Kaluza-Klein quantum is a physical, in-principle measurable length in the bulk, which makes the exclusion principle a statement about brane geometry rather than about the Hilbert space dimension of a dual gauge theory.
The pattern suggests a general rule for any $AdS_n$ times $S^m$ with $m$-form flux: the exclusion bound should always equal the flux integer, with the exponent of the growth law set by the dimension of the wrapping cycle.
The unresolved $AdS_3$ times $S^3$ case, where the authors note the energy has no nontrivial minimum, is a natural place to look for a case where the naive brane picture fails and the exclusion bound must come from an affine cutoff on $SU(2)$ representations instead.
The heuristic appeal to phase-space dominance over the singular point-like solution could be sharpened into a computation: compare the one-loop determinants around the two saddles at fixed $L$ near $N$.

Original abstract

It has been known for some time that the AdS/CFT correspondence predicts a limit on the number of single particle states propagating on the compact spherical component of the AdS-times-sphere geometry. The limit is called the stringy exclusion principle. The physical origin of this effect has been obscure but it is usually thought of as a feature of very small distance physics. In this paper we will show that the stringy exclusion principle is due to a surprising large distance phenomenon. The massless single particle states become progressively less and less point-like as their angular momentum increases. In fact they blow up into spherical branes of increasing size. The exclusion principle is simply understood as the condition that the particle should not be bigger than the sphere that contains it.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,409 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.06 · states limitation 0.06 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.01 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.07 · compares with prior results 0.27 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v4. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

It has been known for some time that the AdS/CFT correspondence predicts a limit on the number of single particle states propagating on the compact spherical component of the AdS-times-sphere geometry. The limit is called the stringy exclusion principle. The physical origin of this effect has been obscure but it is usually thought of as a feature of very small distance physics. In this paper we will show that the stringy exclusion principle is due to a surprising large distance phenomenon. The massless single particle states become progressively less and less point-like as their angular momentum increases. In fact they blow up into spherical branes of increasing size. The exclusion principle is simply understood as the condition that the particle should not be bigger than the sphere that contains it.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	It has been known for some time that the AdS/CFT correspondence predicts a limit on the number of single particle states propagating on the compact spherical component of the AdS-times-sphere geometry.	background 1.00	0.03	0.03	asserted 0.99
s1	The limit is called the stringy exclusion principle.	background 1.00	0.05	0.03	asserted 0.99
s2	The physical origin of this effect has been obscure but it is usually thought of as a feature of very small distance physics.	gap 0.77	0.03	0.02	hedged possibility 0.48
s3	In this paper we will show that the stringy exclusion principle is due to a surprising large distance phenomenon.	contribution 0.68	0.85	0.86	asserted 1.00
s4	The massless single particle states become progressively less and less point-like as their angular momentum increases.	result 0.97	0.62	0.19	asserted 1.00
s5	In fact they blow up into spherical branes of increasing size.	result 0.94	0.68	0.17	asserted 1.00
s6	The exclusion principle is simply understood as the condition that the particle should not be bigger than the sphere that contains it.	interpretation 0.98	0.66	0.57	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.62.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v4

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
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C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

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Antal Jevicki, Sanjaye Ramgoolam, “Non commutative gr avity from the ADS/CFT correspondence,” hep-th/9902059 Journal-ref: JHEP 9904 (1999) 032

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R.C. Myers, “Dielectric-Branes,” hep-th/9910053 Jou rnal-ref: JHEP 9912 (1999) 022

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Juan Maldacena, Leonard Susskind, “D-Branes and Fat Bl ack Holes,” hep-th/9604042 Journal-ref: Nucl.Phys. B475 (1996) 679-690 Juan Maldacena, “Statistical Entropy of Near Extremal Five -Branes,” hep- th/9605016 Journal-ref: Nucl.Phys. B477 (1996) 168-174

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hep-th 2003-04 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The meson spectrum of an N=2 super Yang-Mills theory with fundamental quarks is computed analytically from a D7-brane probe in AdS5 x S5, yielding a discrete spectrum with a mass gap and Regge-like behaviour at large spin.
Exact Correlators of Giant Gravitons from dual N=4 SYM
hep-th 2001-11 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Exact finite-N correlators of half-BPS operators in free N=4 SYM are derived and organized by Young diagrams, yielding a dictionary between diagram shapes and giant graviton states in AdS5 x S5.
Form Factors in AdS from the Worldsheet
hep-th 2026-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The worldsheet bootstrap determines the first curvature correction to the AdS form factor for a 't Hooft line, and, under an additional no-new-operators postulate, for a pair of maximal giant gravitons.
Thermal Giant Graviton Expansion
hep-th 2026-10 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Exact finite-N and infinite-N expansions of free SYM partition functions are derived from chiral holography, with D-instantons resumming to the Hagedorn temperature.
Giant Graviton Expansions from Symmetric Functions and Free Fermions
hep-th 2026-10 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Rigorous coefficientwise proofs of the Gaiotto-Lee single-sum and the symmetric double-sum Schur giant graviton expansions for N=4 U(N) super-Yang-Mills.
Twisted BPS decoupling limits and AdS/CFT
hep-th 2026-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Twisted BPS decoupling limits of strings on AdS5 x S5 are defined as single-step limits, yielding non-relativistic sigma-models on symplectic U(1)-Galilean spaces, and extended to D-branes and to Spin Matrix theory limits.
Effective Field Theory for Holographic Compact Objects
hep-th 2026-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Holographic heavy-light correlators in the compact-object limit reorganize into a Born series for an effective wave equation, linking worldline Wilson coefficients to CFT data.
Fortuity on the conifold
hep-th 2026-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The paper constructs infinitely many strongly fortuitous cohomology classes in the Klebanov-Witten theory at N=2 and interprets them as hairy black hole states.
Line operator indices of S-fold theories
hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Line-operator Schur indices for S-fold theories are matched to Wilson-'t Hooft indices in rank-2 N=4 SYM once giant graviton corrections are included, with new fivebrane-junction indices derived for k=3,4,6.
Quantum Gravity Corrections to Giant Graviton Correlators
hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

One-loop AdS supergravity correction to maximal giant graviton–supergraviton correlators is reconstructed in closed Mellin and position form via defect unitarity, including leading-twist anomalous dimensions.
Energy-Energy Correlators at Strong Coupling
hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The strong-coupling EEC in planar N=4 SYM is now known through λ⁻² for p=2 and through λ⁻³ᐟ² for all half-BPS operators O_p, derived independently from worldsheet and low-energy Wilson-coefficient methods.
The giant graviton expansion in AdS$_5\times$SE$_5$
hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Giant-graviton fluctuations on AdS5 imes SE5 are governed by a conical Fock-Darwin system whose lowest Landau level yields the protected finite-N index of the dual N=1 SCFT for T1,1.
Negative heat capacities in spherically symmetric sectors of $d$-matrix quantum mechanics
hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

SO(d) and O(d) invariant sectors of d-matrix QM show negative microcanonical heat capacity that becomes positive at k_crit ~ N^2/4, forming a caloric fold similar to AdS black holes.
Continuous symmetries and charge measurement of boundary operators in holography
hep-th 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Continuous symmetry operators in holography are U-shaped hanging brane bound states (D5-KK in Type IIB, M5-KK in M-theory) whose worldvolume couplings reproduce the Gauss-law symmetry operators and measure charges of ...
Kac-Moody algebras from M5-giants
hep-th 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The single-sum giant graviton expansion of ADHM Higgs indices is proposed to encode, in two fugacity limits, the vacuum characters of the affine Kac-Moody algebras \ hat su(l)_1^{\ times m} and \ hat su(l)_m.
(Un)solvable Matrix Models for BPS Correlators
hep-th 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Proposes complex matrix models for BPS correlators in N=4 SYM, relating eigenvalue distributions to LLM droplet shapes and enabling computations of one-point functions and three-point correlators via reductions to kno...
Instability of Black Holes in AdS$_3 \times S^3$
hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Near-extremal AdS3 x S3 black holes are thermodynamically and dynamically unstable, decaying to a central black hole plus chiral primaries or new macroscopic giant strings.
Ensembles in M-theory and Holography
hep-th 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The M2-brane partition function should be viewed as a grand canonical object in AdS4/ABJM holography, fixing the three-form source rather than the flux number N, which resolves puzzles about Airy shifts and one-loop e...
Discrete Symmetries, Weak Coupling Conjecture and Scale Separation in AdS Vacua
hep-th 2020-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A new swampland conjecture ties the order of a discrete gauge symmetry to the weakness of continuous gauge couplings, and a refined AdS distance conjecture accounts for parametric scale separation in type IIA flux vacua.
Finite $N$ Corrections to the Superconformal Index of S-fold Theories
hep-th 2019-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Wrapped D3-brane fluctuations reproduce the O(q^N) corrections to the superconformal index of S-fold theories, matching localization results for small N.
Submatrix deconfinement and small black holes in AdS
hep-th 2018-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Free gauged matrix quantum mechanics at intermediate energy exhibits partial deconfinement, with a U(M) sub-block whose size scales as the square root of the energy carrying the entropy, suggesting a smooth string-to-...
ABJ Fractional Brane from ABJM Wilson Loop
hep-th 2013-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The ABJ matrix model's grand partition function equals a determinant built from the ABJM density matrix, identifying fractional M2-branes as composite Wilson loops, and this yields a conjectured grand potential for ge...
A double coset ansatz for integrability in AdS/CFT
hep-th 2012-04 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The authors prove that a double coset of permutation groups organizes both the counting of string-brane configurations and the diagonalization of the one-loop dilatation operator for strings attached to giant gravitons.
Giant Graviton Oscillators
hep-th 2011-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Using a new U(p) Schur-Weyl duality construction, the authors compute the one-loop dilatation operator on restricted Schur polynomials with p long rows or columns and find it matches decoupled harmonic oscillators in ...
Holographic three-point functions of giant gravitons
hep-th 2011-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The gauge-theory and semiclassical string-theory calculations of a two-giant-graviton plus one-pointlike-graviton three-point function disagree, and the authors attribute the mismatch to Schur polynomials failing to i...
Nonplanar Integrability
hep-th 2011-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The one-loop dilatation operator acting on restricted Schur polynomials with two long rows or columns reduces to a decoupled set of harmonic oscillators, proving integrability in this nonplanar sector.
Surprisingly Simple Spectra
hep-th 2010-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The one-loop dilatation operator for two-column restricted Schur polynomials with up to four impurities has a spectrum that matches a collection of harmonic oscillators, suggesting integrability beyond the planar limit.
Peculiar properties of a charged dilatonic black hole in AdS_5
hep-th 2009-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A charged dilatonic AdS5 black hole with linear low-temperature specific heat supports an exact closed-form fermion normal mode, making it a candidate holographic dual of a Fermi liquid.
Correlators of local operators and 1/8 BPS Wilson loops on S^2 from 2d YM and matrix models
hep-th 2009-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Correlators of 1/8 BPS Wilson loops with chiral-primary local operators on a two-sphere are captured by a two-matrix model derived from two-dimensional Yang-Mills, and its planar strong-coupling limit matches the AdS5...
Holographic Hydrodynamics with a Chemical Potential
hep-th 2009-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In a general four-derivative five-dimensional gravity dual, the shear-viscosity-to-entropy ratio drops further below 1/4π as the chemical potential grows, with the sign of the effect fixed by the curvature coupling c1.

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How later papers used it

220 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 219 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 11 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 19 of the 312 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

1 later paper by other authors is listed below: 1 compared its own results with it.

Compares with it 1 of 7 papers with this label

Compared its own result with this paper and found the giant graviton at a radius, checking that the radius and a phase correspond to a disk coordinate from writing a five sphere as a sum of squares.

Open giant magnons suspended between dual giant gravitons in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM (2020) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

194 arXiv papers cite this in 279 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 154 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 3 papers

A simple inspection of the derivation of the giant graviton solutions of [ref] shows that spherical anti-3-branes can provide supersymmetric solutions with opposite angular momentum.

Branes, Anti-Branes and Brauer Algebras in Gauge-Gravity duality · Proposal for gauge theory duals of brane-anti-brane systems : Outline · 0.85
It should also allow a better understanding of the mapping from the geometry of giant graviton moduli spaces to the space of diagonal gauge-invariant eighth-BPS operators at finite $N$, generalising the geometrical explanation [ref] of the stringy exclusion principle [ref] .

Diagonal multi-matrix correlators and BPS operators in N=4 SYM · Conclusions and open questions · 0.82
Our analysis in this paper focuses on the Eucllidean path integral, but along the way, we have also found new supersymmetric Lorentzian probe D3-brane configurations in the BPS black hole backgrounds (and complexification thereof), that generalize the giant and dual giant graviton configurations in AdS$_5$ [ref] .

A gravity interpretation for the Bethe Ansatz expansion of the $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM index · Introduction and Summary · 0.91

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

Here $ḟ = f̣/τ̣$ is a time derivative with respect to written proper time measured with respect to the fictitious AdS metric, [equation] Now, following [ref] we zoom in on the maximal giant and write [equation] Defining $Π= ṙ$, to quadratic order the $R$-charge is [equation] Note that the Hamiltonian is conjugate to the proper time in AdS; it is essentially the mass of the giant.

Giant gravitons in D$p$-brane holography · Classical analysis · 0.84

Compares with it 7 papers

It turns out that these BPS equations coincide with those of [ref] obtained in the study of the gauge theory duals of giant gravitons and dual-giant gravitons in $AdS_5×S^5$ [ref] .

On BPS Strings in ${\mathcal N}=4$ Yang-Mills Theory · Introduction · 0.99
By comparison with the work [ref] , we find that the giant graviton is at a radius [equation] One can check that the radius $r$ together with a phase $θ$ corresponds to a coordinate on a disk $ξ= r/R exp(i θ)$ that results from writing a five sphere as $∑x_i^2=1$, and considering $ξ= x_1+i x_2$ (see [ref] for more details).

Open giant magnons suspended between dual giant gravitons in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM · Giant gravitons and LLM Geometries · 1.00
However, a key difference in this setup is that the D0 branes have a mass/charge ratio of 1, whereas [ref] considered charged particles with mass/charge ratio $≈0$.

Giant gravitons in D$p$-brane holography · p=6 · 0.99

Cites it as support 1 paper

There is by now compelling evidence for this identification: * This reproduces the correct cut off on angular momentum for giant graviton branes [ref] . * This agrees with the LLM description [ref] of this $12$-BPS state.

A pedagogical introduction to restricted Schur polynomials with applications to heavy operators · From restricted Schur polynomials to Gauss graph operators · 0.98

Cites it as background 99 papers

Recently Hofman and Maldacena [ref] considered open strings attached to maximal giant gravitons [ref] in $AdS_5×S^5$ (for related earlier work see [ref] ).

Issues on magnon reflection · Introduction · 0.93
Hofman and Maldacena (HM) [ref] recently considered open strings attached to maximal giant gravitons [ref] in $AdS_5×S^5$.

The Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra for open strings attached to giant gravitons · Introduction · 0.83
Certain Schur polynomials containing order $N$ $Z$s were quickly identified [ref] with giant gravitons [ref] , while Schur polynomials with order $N^2$ fields were identified with $12$-BPS geometries [ref] .

Giant Graviton Oscillators · Introduction and Conclusions · 0.80

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

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Juan Maldacena, “The Large N Limit of Superconformal Fi eld Theories and Super- gravity,” hep-th/9711200

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Juan Maldacena, Leonard Susskind, “D-Branes and Fat Bl ack Holes,” hep-th/9604042 Journal-ref: Nucl.Phys. B475 (1996) 679-690 Juan Maldacena, “Statistical Entropy of Near Extremal Five -Branes,” hep- th/9605016 Journal-ref: Nucl.Phys. B477 (1996) 168-174

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Emil Martinec, “Conformal Field Theory, Geometry, and Entropy,” hep-th/9809021

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Joseph Polchinski, Matthew J. Strassler, “The String D ual of a Conﬁning Four– Dimensional Gauge Theory,” hep–th/0003136. 14

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