Holography and Defect Conformal Field Theories

Daniel Z. Freedman; Hirosi Ooguri; Oliver DeWolfe

REVIEW

Holography and Defect Conformal Field Theories

Oliver DeWolfe, Daniel Z. Freedman, Hirosi Ooguri

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 14 Nov 2001 · 35 references

Pith's verdict: The founding paper of defect-CFT holography: the Lagrangian, the KK spectrum, and the operator map are all real and checkable; the open items are narrower than the reader's CONDITIONAL verdict suggests.

T0 · AI review

How this review was made: An AI referee (selfhosted/deepseek-v4.1-flash) read the paper on October 29, 2026 and answered a fixed list of questions about it. T0 is the starting level every paper gets. The levels describe how deeply Pith has checked the paper, never the authors.

T0 AI review An AI read the paper and answered a fixed list of questions.
T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
T2 Compute The paper's code or calculations re-run with the same results.
T3 Formal statement The claims written out in a formal math language a computer can read.
T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

How Pith checks papers →

· 2 major objections · 6 minor · Ask about this paper · The compiled record · Read the full review →

Challenge this review Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

arXiv IDhep-th/0111135 (version 3)

Pith IDTR5NJHMT, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationDaniel Z. Freedman, Hirosi Ooguri, Oliver DeWolfe. "Holography and Defect Conformal Field Theories." arXiv:hep-th/0111135 (2001). https://pith.science/paper/TR5NJHMT

Cite this reviewBibTeX for Pith's review of this paper

Claim paper

Why Pith says this

Highlight any text to comment on it.

Editor's note

read the letter

This is the paper that made defect CFT holography a calculable subject rather than a conjecture, and it holds up. Karch and Randall proposed the D3-D5 setup; DeWolfe, Freedman and Ooguri did the work of turning it into a dictionary. Three things are genuinely new and all three are checkable: the explicit eight-supercharge defect Lagrangian built with the superspace-boundary technique (Sec. 4), the KK reduction of the wrapped D5 modes on AdS4 x S2 giving integer masses and integer dimensions in short OSp(4|4) multiplets (Sec. 3.2), and the Witten-diagram integrals for and that reproduce the spacetime form and N-scaling that dCFT symmetry demands (Sec. 3.1). The integer dimensions falling out of a non-generic KK problem is the kind of check that is hard to fake, and the matching to the OSp(3|4) short representations of Freedman-Nicolai is done carefully. The honest reporting of the lambda mismatch between strong and weak coupling is also to their credit; they could have buried it and did not. On the reader's main worry: the SU(N) conformality gap is stated plainly in Sec. 6.1 and Sec. 7, and the note added points to Erdmenger-Guralnik-Kirsch [27], which is published. That gap is closed in the literature and should not be scored against the paper now. I think the reader over-weighted it. What is actually still open is narrower. Section 5 picks X_H over q-bar sigma^I q as the generator of higher chiral primaries on a T-duality argument that is suggestive, not a derivation, and Sec. 6.2's Callan-Symanzik computation only shows (q-bar sigma^A q)^l has no anomalous dimension to lowest order, which is consistent with either candidate and so does not discriminate. The paper says as much. The pole-cancellation conjecture for the extremal case in Sec. 3.1 is likewise asserted, not shown. Both are real but neither touches the central duality claim. This is required reading for anyone working on boundary, interface, or defect holography, and worth a serious referee report on the operator-map section alone.

Referee report

Significance

This is a well-executed and explicit construction that has become a foundational reference for holographic defect CFT. Its strengths are concrete: a complete candidate Lagrangian whose uniqueness is argued from gauge invariance, supersymmetry and R-symmetry in §4.2; a Kaluza-Klein spectrum whose integer dimensions are matched to OSp(3|4) short representations; gravity integrals that reproduce the dCFT one- and mixed two-point functions (2.5)-(2.7); and an honest, falsifiable statement that generic defect correlators do not obey a non-renormalization theorem because the lambda-scaling differs between strong and weak coupling. The treatment of the delta(0) term in (4.49) via the effective propagator (6.6) in §6.1 is a nice piece of physics. The paper also correctly identifies which questions it leaves open.

Major objections (2)

[§5, Eqs. (5.6)-(5.7), and §6.2] The abstract claims a map to dual gauge-invariant defect operators O_3 with integer conformal dimensions, but the dictionary is conclusive only for the lowest multiplet. The identification of X_H, rather than qbar sigma^I q, as the operator that generates the higher chiral primaries in (5.6)-(5.7) rests on a T-duality argument that is heuristic. The Callan-Symanzik analysis of §6.2 shows only that the highest-weight components of (qbar sigma^A q)^l have no anomalous dimension to lowest order, a result consistent with either candidate and therefore non-discriminating; the paper itself states that the anomalous dimension of qbar sigma^A (X_H)^{l-1} q 'is not yet settled.' I recommend either scoping the abstract and §5 claims explicitly to the lowest multiplet, or strengthening the T-duality argument so that it discriminates between the two candidate families.
[§3.1, Eq. (3.14) and the paragraph following] The cancellation of the pole in the extremal <O4 O3> case is explicitly conjectured rather than demonstrated: the text states 'we conjecture that the specific couplings that occur in the D5-brane action will cancel the pole.' Since the finiteness of the gravity result in this case is part of the evidence for the operator dictionary, the paper should either supply the coupling computation or state clearly that the extremal case is not established and that the quoted result applies only away from it. As written, a reader could take the finite answer as established for all R-symmetry-allowed cases.

Minor objections (6)

[§3.2, Eq. (3.50)] The (2,2) entry of the displayed mass matrix appears to be missing; from (3.49) it should be l(l+1). The eigenvalues quoted in (3.51) are correct for the matrix with that entry restored, so this is a transcription error only.
[§2.2, §3, §3.1, §4.1, Appendix A] Several typographical errors should be corrected: 'enehancement' in §2.2, 'conﬁguation' in the opening of §3, 'the the singularity' in §3.1, 'reduces tgo' in §4.1, and 'ı.e.' in Appendix A. There is also a duplicated 'while while' in the sentence describing the SU(2)_H and SU(2)_V rotations in §2.2.
[§5, mode table] The table summarizing the Kaluza-Klein spectrum is unnumbered and is introduced only as 'Above we summarize the results from section 3.' It would help to number it, give it a caption, and clarify the '—' entry in the (b+z)(+) row, which currently reads as an absence rather than as a statement that the tower does not contribute to the lowest multiplet.
[§4.2, Eq. (4.49)] The delta(0) term first appears in (4.49) without a forward pointer to the effective-propagator discussion of §6.1. Adding a sentence at that point, noting that the term is an artifact of eliminating the auxiliary field and is to be treated as in (6.6), would prevent the reader from treating it as a genuine contact divergence.
[§6.1 and §7] The main text still describes SU(N) quantum conformality as open, while the note added cites [27] for the non-Abelian demonstration. The main text should be updated to point to [27] so that the body and the note are consistent.
[§3.1] The argument that the one-point function computation is unambiguous, based on the finiteness of the residual conformal volume for a disk with one interior point, is well taken. It would be strengthened by making the comparison with the d=2 case of [22] more explicit, since that is the precedent on which the argument leans.

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

The paper

The paper claims

The paper constructs an explicit eight-supercharge defect conformal field theory and matches it to the AdS5/AdS4 D3-D5 brane system, giving the holographic dictionary for a four-dimensional CFT with a three-dimensional defect.

The reading

The paper asks whether a known brane construction in string theory has a dual field theory description in the spirit of AdS/CFT, and answers yes by building both sides explicitly. On the gravity side, a stack of D3-branes produces AdS5 x S5, and a single probe D5-brane sits on an AdS4 x S2 slice that cuts the space in half. The authors reduce the D5-brane open-string fluctuations on the two-sphere, find the masses of the resulting AdS4 modes, and read off the conformal dimensions of the dual operators. The masses come out as integers, a sign of supersymmetry, and fit into short representations of the supergroup OSp(4|4). On the field theory side, the authors write a Lagrangian for N=4 super Yang-Mills in four dimensions coupled to a single hypermultiplet living on a three-dimensional defect. They use a superspace trick, restricting four-dimensional superfields to a superspace boundary, to keep half the supersymmetry manifest, then check that the full SU(2) x SU(2) R-symmetry is present, which upgrades the theory to eight supercharges. They match the lightest gravity modes to specific gauge-invariant defect operators. They then compute two correlation functions from gravity, a one-point function of a bulk operator and a mixed two-point function with a defect operator, and find the spacetime and N-scaling that defect conformal symmetry requires. The coupling dependence at strong and weak coupling does not match, so the simplest correlators are not protected. The authors prove quantum conformality only for a U(1) gauge group and leave SU(N) open, later filled in by other work.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper proposes that N=4 SU(N) super Yang-Mills in four dimensions coupled to a single fundamental hypermultiplet localized on a 3D defect is the holographic dual of the D3-D5 brane system whose near-horizon geometry is AdS5 x S5 bisected by a probe AdS4 x S2 D5-brane. It backs this with an explicit defect Lagrangian preserving 8 supercharges and SU(2)_V x SU(2)_H, a Kaluza-Klein spectrum of integer-dimension OSp(4|4) short multiplets, an operator dictionary, and gravity computations of <O4> and <O4 O3> that reproduce the spacetime and N-scaling required by defect conformal symmetry.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the classical defect Lagrangian's SO(3,2) conformal symmetry survives quantization for SU(N). The authors prove this only for U(1) and state in section 6.1 and section 7 that the question of quantum conformal invariance remains open for SU(N); the note added cites [27] for the non-Abelian proof. If conformality failed, the proposed dual would not be a CFT and the holographic identification would break. A secondary premise is that T-duality of the D3/D5 system fixes the higher-multiplet operator map (section 5), which is argued rather than derived.

Original abstract

We develop both the gravity and field theory sides of the Karch-Randall conjecture that the near-horizon description of a certain D5-D3 brane configuration in string theory, realized as AdS_5 x S^5 bisected by an AdS_4 x S^2 "brane", is dual to N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory in R^4 coupled to an R^3 defect. We propose a complete Lagrangian for the field theory dual, a novel "defect superconformal field theory" wherein a subset of the fields of N=4 SYM interacts with a d=3 SU(N) fundamental hypermultiplet on the defect preserving conformal invariance and 8 supercharges. The Kaluza-Klein reduction of wrapped D5 modes on AdS_4 x S^2 leads to towers of short representations of OSp(4|4), and we construct the map to a set of dual gauge-invariant defect operators O_3 possessing integer conformal dimensions. Gravity calculations of <O_4> and <O_4O_3> are given. Spacetime and N-dependence matches expectations from dCFT, while the behavior as functions of lambda = g^2 N at strong and weak coupling is generically different. We comment on a class of correlators for which a non-renormalization theorem may still exist. Partial evidence for the conformality of the quantum theory is given, including a complete argument for the special case of a U(1) gauge group. Some weak coupling arguments which illuminate the duality are presented.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 6,554 input tokens, $0.0003 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.07 · states limitation 0.82 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.16 · compares with prior results 0.32 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We develop both the gravity and field theory sides of the Karch-Randall conjecture that the near-horizon description of a certain D5-D3 brane configuration in string theory, realized as AdS_5 x S^5 bisected by an AdS_4 x S^2 "brane", is dual to N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory in R^4 coupled to an R^3 defect. We propose a complete Lagrangian for the field theory dual, a novel "defect superconformal field theory" wherein a subset of the fields of N=4 SYM interacts with a d=3 SU(N) fundamental hypermultiplet on the defect preserving conformal invariance and 8 supercharges. The Kaluza-Klein reduction of wrapped D5 modes on AdS_4 x S^2 leads to towers of short representations of OSp(4|4), and we construct the map to a set of dual gauge-invariant defect operators O_3 possessing integer conformal dimensions. Gravity calculations of <O_4> and <O_4O_3> are given. Spacetime and N-dependence matches expectations from dCFT, while the behavior as functions of lambda = g^2 N at strong and weak coupling is generically different. We comment on a class of correlators for which a non-renormalization theorem may still exist. Partial evidence for the conformality of the quantum theory is given, including a complete argument for the special case of a U(1) gauge group. Some weak coupling arguments which illuminate the duality are presented.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We develop both the gravity and field theory sides of the Karch-Randall conjecture that the near-horizon description of a certain D5-D3 brane configuration in string theory, realized as AdS_5 x S^5 bisected by an AdS_4 x S^2 "brane", is dual to N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory in R^4 coupled to an R^3 defect.	contribution 0.82	0.74	0.44	asserted 0.60
s1	We propose a complete Lagrangian for the field theory dual, a novel "defect superconformal field theory" wherein a subset of the fields of N=4 SYM interacts with a d=3 SU(N) fundamental hypermultiplet on the defect preserving conformal invariance and 8 supercharges.	contribution 1.00	0.95	0.32	asserted 0.85
s2	The Kaluza-Klein reduction of wrapped D5 modes on AdS_4 x S^2 leads to towers of short representations of OSp(4\|4), and we construct the map to a set of dual gauge-invariant defect operators O_3 possessing integer conformal dimensions.	contribution 0.65	0.94	0.10	asserted 1.00
s3	Gravity calculations of <O_4> and <O_4O_3> are given.	result 0.54	0.94	0.05	asserted 0.98
s4	Spacetime and N-dependence matches expectations from dCFT, while the behavior as functions of lambda = g^2 N at strong and weak coupling is generically different.	result 0.85	0.85	0.16	asserted 0.97
s5	We comment on a class of correlators for which a non-renormalization theorem may still exist.	future work 0.42	0.62	0.04	hedged possibility 0.99
s6	Partial evidence for the conformality of the quantum theory is given, including a complete argument for the special case of a U(1) gauge group.	result 0.70	0.94	0.08	asserted 0.51
s7	Some weak coupling arguments which illuminate the duality are presented.	contribution 0.91	0.86	0.03	asserted 0.93

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.98.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v3

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures

**Figure 1.** Feynman diagrams through one-loop order for the corre

**Figure 2.** The generic contribution to the one point function

Figures reproduced from arXiv:hep-th/0111135 by the authors.

References

Works cited (35)

[27]

J. Erdmenger, Z. Guralnik and I. Kirsch, “Four-dimensional su perconformal theories with interacting boundaries or defects,” arXiv:hep-th/0203020

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[1]

J. Maldacena, “The large N limit of superconformal ﬁeld theories and supergravity,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998) [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1998)] [arXiv:hep-th/9711200]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[2]

S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov and A. M. Polyakov, “Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory,” Phys. Lett. B 428, 105 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802109]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[3]

E. Witten, “Anti-de Sitter space and holography,” Adv. Theor. M ath. Phys. 2, 253 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802150]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[4]

O. Aharony, S. S. Gubser, J. Maldacena, H. Ooguri and Y. Oz, “ Large N ﬁeld theories, string theory and gravity,” Phys. Rept. 323, 183 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/9905111]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000
[5]

J. L. Cardy, “Conformal Invariance And Surface Critical Beha vior,” Nucl. Phys. B 240, 514 (1984). 45

View on Pith 1984
[6]

D. M. McAvity and H. Osborn, “Conformal ﬁeld theories near a bo undary in general dimensions,” Nucl. Phys. B 455, 522 (1995) [arXiv:cond-mat/9505127]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995
[7]

A. Karch and L. Randall, “Localized gravity in string theory,” Phys . Rev. Lett. 87, 061601 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0105108]; A. Karch and L. Randall, “Open and closed string interpretation of S USY CFT’s on branes with boundaries,” JHEP 0106, 063 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0105132]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001
[8]

A. Karch and L. Randall, “Locally localized gravity,” JHEP 0105, 008 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0011156]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001
[9]

K. Hori, “Linear models of supersymmetric D-branes,” arXiv:hep- th/0012179

View on Pith
[10]

S. Sethi, “The Matrix Formulation of Type IIB Five-Branes,” “Th e matrix formulation of type IIB ﬁve-branes,” Nucl. Phys. B 523, 158 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9710005]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[11]

A. Kapustin and S. Sethi, “The Higgs Branch of Impurity Theorie s,” “The Higgs branch of impurity theories,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 571 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9804027]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[12]

C. Bachas, J. de Boer, R. Dijkgraaf, and H. Ooguri, “Permeab le conformal walls and holography,” arXiv:hep-th/0111210

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[13]

C. Bachas and M. Petropoulos, “Anti-de-Sitter D-branes,” JH EP 0102, 025 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0012234]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001
[14]

A. Hanany and E. Witten, “Type IIB superstrings, BPS monopo les, and three-dimensional gauge dynamics,” Nucl. Phys. B 492, 152 (1997) [arXiv:hep-th/9611230]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1997
[15]

A. Karch, E. Katz and L. Randall, “Absence of a VVDZ discontinu ity in AdS(AdS),” arXiv:hep-th/0106261

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[16]

M. Porrati, “Mass and gauge invariance. IV: Holography for th e Karch-Randall model,” arXiv:hep-th/0109017

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[17]

H. J. Kim, L. J. Romans and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, “The Mass Spe ctrum Of Chiral N=2 D = 10 Supergravity On S5,” Phys. Rev. D 32, 389 (1985)

View on Pith 1985
[18]

J. Polchinski, “String Theory,” Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998

View on Pith 1998
[19]

H. J. Boonstra, K. Skenderis and P. K. Townsend, “The domain wall/QFT correspondence,” JHEP 9901, 003 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9807137]. 46

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[20]

S. M. Lee, S. Minwalla, M. Rangamani and N. Seiberg, “Three-po int functions of chiral operators in D = 4, N = 4 SYM at large N,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 697 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9806074]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[21]

D. Z. Freedman, S. D. Mathur, A. Matusis and L. Rastelli, “Corr elation functions in the CFTd/AdSd+1 correspondence,” Nucl. Phys. B 546, 96 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9804058]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[22]

J. Maldacena, and H. Ooguri, “Strings in AdS3 and the SL(2,R ) WZW model. III: Correlation functions,” Phys. Rev. D 65, 106006 (2002), [arXiv:hep-th/0111180]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002
[23]

P. Breitenlohner and D. Z. Freedman, “Positive Energy In Anti- De Sitter Backgrounds And Gauged Extended Supergravity,” Phys. Lett. B 115, 197 (1982); P. Breitenlohner and D. Z. Freedman, “Stability In Gauged Extende d Supergravity,” Annals Phys. 144, 249 (1982)

View on Pith 1982
[24]

O. DeWolfe, D. Z. Freedman, S. S. Gubser, G. T. Horowitz and I . Mitra, “Stability of AdSp ×Mq compactiﬁcations without supersymmetry,” to appear in Phys. Rev . D, [arXiv:hep-th/0105047]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[25]

V. Kac, “Representations of classical Lie superalgebras”, Le cture Notes in Math 676 (1978), 597-626, Springer Verlag; V. Kac, “Highest weight representations of conformal current a lgebras,” in Symposium on topological methods in ﬁeld theory, World Sci, 1986 3-15

View on Pith 1978
[26]

D. Z. Freedman and H. Nicolai, “Multiplet Shortening In Osp(N—4) ,” Nucl. Phys. B 237, 342 (1984)

View on Pith 1984
[28]

S. J. Gates, “Superspace Formulation Of New Nonlinear Sigma Mo dels,” Nucl. Phys. B 238, 349 (1984)

View on Pith 1984
[29]

S.J. Gates, M. T. Grisaru, M. Roˇ cek and W. Seigel, “Superspac e, or one thousand lessons in supersymmetry,” Reading: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing C o., Inc. (1983) [arXiv:hep-th/0108200]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1983
[30]

E. A. Mirabelli and M. E. Peskin, “Transmission of supersymmetr y breaking from a 4-dimensional boundary,” Phys. Rev. D 58, 065002 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9712214]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[31]

P. Horava and E. Witten, “Heterotic and type I string dynamics from eleven dimensions,” Nucl. Phys. B 460, 506 (1996) [arXiv:hep-th/9510209]; 47 P. Horava and E. Witten, “Eleven-Dimensional Supergravity on a Ma nifold with Boundary,” Nucl. Phys. B 475, 94 (1996) [arXiv:hep-th/9603142]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1996
[32]

H. Georgi, A. K. Grant and G. Hailu, “Brane couplings from bulk loo ps,” Phys. Lett. B 506, 207 (2001) [arXiv:hep-ph/0012379]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001
[33]

W. D. Goldberger and M. B. Wise, “Renormalization group ﬂows fo r brane couplings,” arXiv:hep-th/0104170

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[34]

A. N. Redlich,“Gauge Noninvariance And Parity Violation Of Three- Dimensional Fermions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 18 (1984); A. N. Redlich, “Parity Violation And Gauge Noninvariance Of The Eﬀect ive Gauge Field Action In Three-Dimensions,” Phys. Rev. D 29, 2366 (1984); L. Alvarez-Gaume and E. Witten, “Gravitational Anomalies,” Nucl. Ph ys. B 234, 269 (1984)

View on Pith 1984
[35]

D. Z. Freedman, K. Johnson and J. I. Latorre, “Diﬀerential r egularization and renormalization: A New method of calculation in quantum ﬁeld theory,” Nucl. Phys. B 371, 353 (1992). 48

View on Pith 1992

Forward citations

Showing 60 of 88 Pith papers that cite this

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. See all 88 Pith citations

Adding flavor to AdS/CFT
hep-th 2002-05 accept novelty 9.0 of 10

Flavors in AdS/CFT are represented by spacetime-filling probe D-branes that can terminate in the bulk, come in two sets realizing chiral symmetry, and carry a bifundamental scalar dual to the chiral condensate.
Multipartite Entanglement Geometry in AdS/BCFT
hep-th 2026-10 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

In AdS3/BCFT2, the end-of-the-world brane creates new topological phases for holographic multi-entropy that reorganize multipartite entanglement at scales unrelated to standard Ryu-Takayanagi transitions.
RG Domain Walls and Hybrid Triangulations
hep-th 2013-04 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

Every three-dimensional cobordism yields a three-dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theory that serves as a domain wall between four-dimensional N=2 gauge theories, including a new class of renormalization-group walls.
Supersymmetric Boundary Conditions in N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory
hep-th 2008-04 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

Half-BPS boundary conditions in N=4 super Yang-Mills are classified by a triple (Nahm pole, unbroken subgroup, boundary CFT), and their vacuum moduli spaces are Slodowy slices of nilpotent orbits.
Ten-dimensional supersymmetric Janus solutions
hep-th 2006-03 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

A two-parameter family of ten-dimensional Type IIB supergravity solutions with 4 real supersymmetries, SU(3) symmetry, varying dilaton/axion and non-trivial B-field is derived analytically and identified as the hologr...

Show 55 more citing papers

Towards a holographic dual of large-N_c QCD
hep-th 2003-11 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

Probe D6-branes in the D4-soliton background spontaneously break chiral symmetry, produce a massless pion at zero quark mass, and satisfy the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation.
One-point functions of the Lagrangian in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM with boundaries, defects and interfaces
hep-th 2026-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The one-point function of the Lagrangian in N=4 SYM Janus interfaces is exactly linear in the coupling jump for all N and lambda, and new exact and holographic results are derived for boundary and defect theories.
Positivity constraints on the dynamics of cusped impurities in CFTs
hep-th 2026-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Positivity constraints on the angular Hessian of the cusp free energy are derived using reflection positivity and verified in multiple CFTs and holography.
Protected operators in non-local defect CFTs from AdS
hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Defect-induced symmetry breaking viewed from the AdS bulk enforces protected displacement and tilt operators in non-local boundary CFTs via Ward identities.
Holographic interpolations of defect CFTs
hep-th 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

A D5-D7 brane configuration in AdS5 x S5 provides an interpolating holographic dual for defect CFTs, with anomaly cancellation and a conjectured SYM solution.
't Hooft loops in N=4 super-Yang-Mills
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A new perturbative framework for 't Hooft lines reproduces localization results for chiral primaries and yields a resummed Wilson-'t Hooft potential that matches holography.
Bootstrap equations for $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM with defects
hep-th 2016-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Superconformal blocks for half-BPS two-point functions in 4d N=4 SYM with a defect are derived and shown to apply to four systems sharing OSP(4|4) symmetry, yielding polynomial bootstrap equations in a protected subsector.
Branes And Supergroups
hep-th 2014-10 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A two-sided D3-brane/fivebrane configuration produces Chern-Simons theory with supergroup gauge symmetry U(m|n) or OSp(m|2n), and S-duality of the brane system yields a magnetic dual and a supergroup analog of Khovano...
Exact Half-BPS Flux Solutions in M-theory I, Local Solutions
hep-th 2008-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The complete local eleven-dimensional supergravity solutions with 16 supersymmetries on AdS3 x S3 x S3 x Sigma are constructed in closed form by mapping the BPS equations to a linear equation.
Rigid Surface Operators
hep-th 2008-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Rigid, parameter-free half-BPS surface operators in N=4 super Yang-Mills are constructed and partially matched across S-duality using orbit dimension, pole structure of the Higgs invariants, and the Kazhdan-Lusztig map.
Holographic Duals of Long Open Strings
hep-th 2008-03 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Open Wilson lines between separated D-branes are dual to semiclassical string worldsheets, and in a holographic QCD model this yields an exponentially large chiral condensate and a top-down realization of explicit plu...
GUTs and Exceptional Branes in F-theory - I
hep-th 2008-02 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

F-theory on a local elliptic fourfold is described by a partially twisted eight-dimensional Yang-Mills theory on the seven-brane surface, with chiral matter on curve defects whose intersections generate Yukawa couplings.
Metallic AdS/CFT
hep-th 2007-05 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Using AdS/CFT, the authors derive a closed-form conductivity for massive charged fields at finite density in a strongly coupled plasma, valid across mass, field, and density, and reducing to a Drude-like form for heav...
Exact half-BPS Type IIB interface solutions I: Local solution and supersymmetric Janus
hep-th 2007-05 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The complete 16-supersymmetric Type IIB supergravity solutions on AdS4 x S2 x S2 x Sigma are obtained in closed form from two harmonic functions, and a non-singular Janus solution dual to the maximally supersymmetric ...
Exact half-BPS Type IIB interface solutions II: Flux solutions and multi-Janus
hep-th 2007-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

An infinite family of regular half-BPS Type IIB supergravity solutions, labeled by a genus-g hyperelliptic Riemann surface with real branch points, is constructed and argued to be dual to multi-Janus interface gauge theories.
Gauge Theory, Ramification, And The Geometric Langlands Program
hep-th 2006-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Ramification in geometric Langlands corresponds to surface operators in N=4 super Yang-Mills, and S-duality of those operators yields an affine Weyl group action on the cohomology of ramified Higgs bundle moduli.
Holographic Wilson Loops
hep-th 2006-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

All half-BPS Wilson loops in N=4 super Yang-Mills, labeled by Young tableaux, are shown to have gravitational duals as configurations of D5 or D3 branes in AdS5 x S5, with the two descriptions related by bosonization.
Interface Yang-Mills, Supersymmetry, and Janus
hep-th 2006-03 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Interface supersymmetry in N=4 super Yang-Mills is classified completely, yielding new conformal interface theories with 16 and 8 supercharges and explicit Lagrangians.
The dual of Janus -:- an interface CFT
hep-th 2004-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The Janus supergravity solution is dual to N=4 super Yang-Mills on two half-spaces with different couplings, and a protected vacuum expectation value matches between weak and strong coupling.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Pions in Non-Supersymmetric Gauge/Gravity Duals
hep-th 2003-06 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A D7-brane probe in the Constable-Myers deformed AdS background develops a nonzero chiral condensate as the quark mass goes to zero, together with a massless Goldstone boson, while the AdS black-hole background shows ...
Meson Spectroscopy in AdS/CFT with Flavour
hep-th 2003-04 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The meson spectrum of an N=2 super Yang-Mills theory with fundamental quarks is computed analytically from a D7-brane probe in AdS5 x S5, yielding a discrete spectrum with a mass gap and Regge-like behaviour at large spin.
Holographic surface defect RG flows without supersymmetry
hep-th 2026-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Non-supersymmetric surface defects in N=4 super Yang-Mills are shown to have holographic RG flows between two conformal D5 or D7 embeddings, with the b-theorem satisfied at the endpoints.
Aspects of Witten Diagrams for Holographic Defects
hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Derives explicit OPE coefficients for contact and exchange Witten diagrams and closed-form defect-to-bulk crossing kernels for zero- and surface defects in specific dimensions.
The state/defect correspondence
hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Establishes a one-to-one correspondence between states and p-dimensional defects in higher-form Maxwell theories via an extended Kac-Moody algebra generated by conserved charges from mixed anomalies, mapping dressed W...
Thermal conformal partial waves from flat-space and defect CFT
hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Establishes correspondence between flat, thermal, and defect conformal partial waves via shadow formalism, obtaining thermal blocks from flat four-point and defect two-point functions and reducing the Casimir equation...
On decoding the string from interfaces in 2d conformal field theories
hep-th 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Stringy vibrations of an AdS3 junction between two thermal CFTs map to half-sided conformal transformations, producing perfectly reflected wavepackets, and are readable from interval entanglement entropy even at zero tension.
Entanglement C-functions of defects and interfaces in $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A probe-D5 holographic calculation gives analytic defect/interface entanglement entropy for massive D3/D5 intersections and shows the entropic C-function is monotonic but not always a finite degree-of-freedom count.
Decoding the string in terms of holographic quantum maps
hep-th 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Stringy modes in 3D gravitational junctions map to factorized H_in to H_out and H_L to H_R quantum maps involving scattering matrices and relative Virasoro automorphisms in the dual CFT.
Oscillons in AdS space
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Simulations show long-lived oscillons in anti-de Sitter space, with recurrence of decayed waves and a transition to a persistent oscillatory state as the AdS radius shrinks.
Cosmology from confinement?
hep-th 2021-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Coupling two 3D holographic CFTs through a short 4D interval is argued to give a confining infrared theory whose dual is a Euclidean wormhole, and hence a big-bang / big-crunch cosmology.
Quantum Extremal Islands Made Easy, Part I: Entanglement on the Brane
hep-th 2020-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In a brane-world holographic model, quantum extremal islands arise from ordinary Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces crossing the brane, so islands need not require black holes or horizons.
Non-perturbative Defect One-Point Functions in Planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super-Yang-Mills
hep-th 2020-04 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

An exact-in-coupling solution of a defect matrix model reproduces both perturbative and holographic one-point functions in planar N=4 SYM with a D5-brane interface, and an integrable bootstrap extends the result to no...
AdS$_3$ solutions in massive IIA, defect CFTs and T-duality
hep-th 2019-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A map between AdS3 and AdS7 solutions in massive IIA supergravity shows that AdS3 solutions can be interpreted as D2-D4 defects in 6d (1,0) CFTs, with explicit global completions of the non-Abelian T-dual solution.
Holographic fundamental matter in multilayered media
hep-th 2019-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A top-down holographic D3-D5-D7 construction yields anisotropic thermodynamics and distinct in-plane and off-plane sound and diffusion modes for strongly coupled layered matter with fundamental flavors.
An Analytic Approach to BCFT$_d$
hep-th 2018-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

They derive explicit dual-basis functionals for the BCFT two-point crossing equation, yielding a boundary-CFT Polyakov bootstrap that trivializes perturbations around mean field theory.
Holographic Complexity for Defects Distinguishes Action from Volume
hep-th 2018-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In a thin-brane AdS3 model, the volume proposal for holographic complexity gains a defect-dependent logarithmic divergence while the action proposal is unchanged.
Surface defects in the D4 $-$ D8 brane system
hep-th 2018-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

New exact BPS flows with a running two-form in six-dimensional F(4) supergravity uplift to a warped AdS3 x S2 x S3 massive IIA background interpreted as a surface defect in the AdS6/CFT5 correspondence.
Scalar one-point functions and matrix product states of AdS/dCFT
hep-th 2018-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A closed determinant formula, built from Baxter polynomials and a norm matrix, is proposed for all scalar one-point functions of the D3-D5 defect CFT at tree level for any flux k, and checked numerically across many states.
Half-BPS Wilson loop and AdS$_2$/CFT$_1$
hep-th 2017-06 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Tree-level AdS2 Witten diagrams give the strong-coupling four-point functions of protected operator insertions on the 1/2-BPS Wilson line, yielding anomalous dimensions of two-particle operators and matching a localiz...
The Mellin Formalism for Boundary CFT$_d$
hep-th 2017-05 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The Mellin representation of conformal correlators is extended to boundary and interface CFTs, and geodesic Witten diagrams in a sliced AdS geometry are shown to reproduce the corresponding conformal blocks.
AdS/dCFT one-point functions of the SU(3) sector
hep-th 2016-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A closed determinant formula is proposed for tree-level one-point functions in the SU(3) subsector of the D3-D5 defect CFT at k=2, supported by analytical and numerical checks but not a general proof.
Infrared Computations of Defect Schur Indices
hep-th 2016-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A conjectured infrared formula reproduces known defect Schur indices of SU(2) gauge theories and predicts new ones for Argyres-Douglas theories, where products of line defects match a Verlinde algebra.
One-loop one-point functions in gauge-gravity dualities with defects
hep-th 2016-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A one-loop Feynman-diagram calculation of a chiral-primary one-point function in a defect version of N=4 super Yang-Mills reproduces the coefficient predicted by the dual string theory in a double-scaling limit.
Defects in conformal field theory
hep-th 2016-01 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The paper derives the tensor structures, conformal blocks, and stress-tensor Ward identities for a conformal defect of arbitrary codimension, and shows that in two dimensions the displacement operator's norm equals th...
One-point Functions in AdS/dCFT from Matrix Product States
hep-th 2015-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A closed determinant formula for one-point functions in the D3-D5 defect CFT, valid for any flux k, with a proven recursion for even k and numerical evidence for odd k.
One-point Functions in Defect CFT and Integrability
hep-th 2015-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

One-point functions of non-protected operators in the D3-D5 defect CFT are expressed as overlaps of Bethe eigenstates with a matrix product state, yielding a determinant formula for k=2.
M-theory Solutions Invariant under $D(2,1;\gamma) \oplus D(2,1;\gamma)$
hep-th 2013-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A redefinition of the reduced data makes the half-BPS equations depend only on the sign of gamma, yielding two classification theorems and new regular M-theory solutions asymptotic to AdS4/Z2.
Supersymmetric Janus Solutions in Four Dimensions
hep-th 2013-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Three families of supersymmetric Janus solutions in four-dimensional N=8 gauged supergravity are constructed, including an argued interface between two distinct G2-symmetric N=1 fixed points carrying opposite internal...
Two dimensional quantum quenches and holography
hep-th 2013-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Adding a spacetime boundary to AdS3 and including extremal surfaces that end on it reproduces the time evolution of entanglement entropy in 2d CFT quantum quenches, including a new black-string fusion case.
Holography, Entanglement Entropy, and Conformal Field Theories with Boundaries or Defects
hep-th 2013-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

For boundary and defect conformal field theories, the Ryu-Takayanagi holographic entanglement entropy conjecture is proved for hemispherical entangling surfaces, and a probe-brane shortcut computes the leading defect ...
An E7 Surprise
hep-th 2012-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Two copies of SU(2) Nf=4 SQCD, deformed by an exactly marginal quartic superpotential, are conjectured to acquire an enhanced E7 flavor symmetry at a special self-dual point.
Time evolution of entanglement entropy from a pulse
hep-th 2012-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

An explicit closed-form coordinate transformation of Poincaré AdS3 yields the time-dependent entanglement entropy of a 1+1 CFT crossed by a finite-width left-moving energy pulse, matching a CFT twist-operator calculation.
Near-horizon solutions for D3-branes ending on 5-branes
hep-th 2011-06 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The near-horizon gravity duals of D3-branes ending on 5-branes are obtained as degeneration limits of the D'Hoker-Estes-Gutperle solutions, and their parameters map one-to-one onto the Gaiotto-Witten classification of...
Spin-2 spectrum of defect theories
hep-th 2011-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Spin-2 excitations of the supersymmetric Janus supergravity solution obey Heun's equation; their numerically computed masses fall and crowd together as the dilaton jump grows, and Janus cannot localize four-dimensiona...
The Spectrum of Excitations of Holographic Wilson Loops
hep-th 2011-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The excitation spectrum of the D3 brane dual to a half-BPS Wilson loop organizes into short multiplets of OSp(4*|4), with the fundamental string modes forming the ultra-short multiplet.

See all 88 Pith citations

How the literature uses it

180 arXiv papers cite this in 300 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 138 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 6 papers

We begin with a non-abelian version of the brane configuration in [ref] . $N_f$ D5-branes and $N_c$ D3-branes in the ten-dimensional IIB theory span the directions indicated in Figure [ref].

Holography for field theory solitons · Brane configuration · 0.98
In this paper we will study the dynamics of the theory on the world volume of a mixed D3 and D5 brane construction with a 2+1 dimensional intersection$^1$ , which has previously been studied at zero temperature in the absence of chemical potential in [ref] .

R-Charge Chemical Potential in a 2+1 Dimensional System · Introduction · 0.91
Generalizing wedge holography to codim-n defects, [ref] proposes the so-called cone holography, which can be derived from suitable limit of holographic defect CFT [ref] .

Effective Action, Spectrum and First Law of Wedge Holography · Introduction · 0.83

Uses its method or tool 4 papers

For this purpose we can write the fields of 4$d$ $𝒩=4$ SYM in terms of 3$d$ $𝒩=2$ superspace, following the formalism of [ref] .

Boundaries and Defects of N=4 SYM with 4 Supercharges, Part I: Boundary/Junction Conditions · D5-like Junction · 0.99
The $$ and $f$ modes form a coupled system that must be diagonalized, as in [ref] .

Holography for field theory solitons · Perturbative spectrum · 0.97
It would be useful to adapt the weight-shifting technology [ref] to facilitate the analysis of conformal blocks and Witten diagrams. * Finally, it would be interesting to extend our results to include supersymmetry and consider top-down models constructed using probe D-branes (e.g., in the setup of [ref] ).

Aspects of higher-point functions in BCFT$_d$ · Discussions and outlook · 0.80

Compares with it 6 papers

This matches the linearized spectrum for the coupled sector analysis found in [ref] for $ℓ=1$.

Supersymmetric D3/D5 for massive defects on curved space · Holographic one-point functions · 1.00
A similar expression for this projection was obtained in [ref] .

The energy-momentum multiplet of supersymmetric defect field theories · Coupling of 3d and 4d theories · 0.82
Note that the definition of $X^H_r$ and $X^V_$ as the real and imaginary parts of $X_r$, respectively, is exactly swapped compared to the definition of [ref] .

Supersymmetry of the D3/D5 Defect Field Theory · Map to $SU(2)×SU(2)$-invariant Form · 0.85

Cites it as background 123 papers

The integrable structure of N=4 SYM [ref] has recently shown its power in the calculation of one-point functions in a certain defect version of the theory which is holographically dual to the D3-D5 probe brane system with background gauge field flux [ref] .

AdS/dCFT one-point functions of the SU(3) sector · Introduction · 0.92
Holographic descriptions of $N=4$ super Yang-Mills theory [ref] with defect D5 probe branes [ref] (and other related systems [ref] ) provide a calculable system with similar gross properties - fermions on the defect interacting by higher dimension conformal gauge fields.

Holographic Graphene in a Cavity · Introduction · 0.91
In the string-theory literature conformal interfaces were first studied as holographic duals [ref] to codimension-one anti-de Sitter branes [ref] .

On the Symmetries of Classical String Theory · Interfaces as spectrum-generating symmetries · 0.86

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

[1] [27]

J. Erdmenger, Z. Guralnik and I. Kirsch, “Four-dimensional su perconformal theories with interacting boundaries or defects,” arXiv:hep-th/0203020

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[2] [1]

J. Maldacena, “The large N limit of superconformal ﬁeld theories and supergravity,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998) [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1998)] [arXiv:hep-th/9711200]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[3] [2]

S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov and A. M. Polyakov, “Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory,” Phys. Lett. B 428, 105 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802109]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[4] [3]

E. Witten, “Anti-de Sitter space and holography,” Adv. Theor. M ath. Phys. 2, 253 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802150]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[5] [4]

O. Aharony, S. S. Gubser, J. Maldacena, H. Ooguri and Y. Oz, “ Large N ﬁeld theories, string theory and gravity,” Phys. Rept. 323, 183 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/9905111]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000

[6] [5]

J. L. Cardy, “Conformal Invariance And Surface Critical Beha vior,” Nucl. Phys. B 240, 514 (1984). 45

View on Pith 1984

[7] [6]

D. M. McAvity and H. Osborn, “Conformal ﬁeld theories near a bo undary in general dimensions,” Nucl. Phys. B 455, 522 (1995) [arXiv:cond-mat/9505127]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995

[8] [7]

A. Karch and L. Randall, “Localized gravity in string theory,” Phys . Rev. Lett. 87, 061601 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0105108]; A. Karch and L. Randall, “Open and closed string interpretation of S USY CFT’s on branes with boundaries,” JHEP 0106, 063 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0105132]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001

[9] [8]

A. Karch and L. Randall, “Locally localized gravity,” JHEP 0105, 008 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0011156]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001

[10] [9]

K. Hori, “Linear models of supersymmetric D-branes,” arXiv:hep- th/0012179

View on Pith

[11] [10]

S. Sethi, “The Matrix Formulation of Type IIB Five-Branes,” “Th e matrix formulation of type IIB ﬁve-branes,” Nucl. Phys. B 523, 158 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9710005]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[12] [11]

A. Kapustin and S. Sethi, “The Higgs Branch of Impurity Theorie s,” “The Higgs branch of impurity theories,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 571 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9804027]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[13] [12]

C. Bachas, J. de Boer, R. Dijkgraaf, and H. Ooguri, “Permeab le conformal walls and holography,” arXiv:hep-th/0111210

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[14] [13]

C. Bachas and M. Petropoulos, “Anti-de-Sitter D-branes,” JH EP 0102, 025 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0012234]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001

[15] [14]

A. Hanany and E. Witten, “Type IIB superstrings, BPS monopo les, and three-dimensional gauge dynamics,” Nucl. Phys. B 492, 152 (1997) [arXiv:hep-th/9611230]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1997

[16] [15]

A. Karch, E. Katz and L. Randall, “Absence of a VVDZ discontinu ity in AdS(AdS),” arXiv:hep-th/0106261

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[17] [16]

M. Porrati, “Mass and gauge invariance. IV: Holography for th e Karch-Randall model,” arXiv:hep-th/0109017

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[18] [17]

H. J. Kim, L. J. Romans and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, “The Mass Spe ctrum Of Chiral N=2 D = 10 Supergravity On S5,” Phys. Rev. D 32, 389 (1985)

View on Pith 1985

[19] [18]

J. Polchinski, “String Theory,” Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998

View on Pith 1998

[20] [19]

H. J. Boonstra, K. Skenderis and P. K. Townsend, “The domain wall/QFT correspondence,” JHEP 9901, 003 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9807137]. 46

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[21] [20]

S. M. Lee, S. Minwalla, M. Rangamani and N. Seiberg, “Three-po int functions of chiral operators in D = 4, N = 4 SYM at large N,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 697 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9806074]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[22] [21]

D. Z. Freedman, S. D. Mathur, A. Matusis and L. Rastelli, “Corr elation functions in the CFTd/AdSd+1 correspondence,” Nucl. Phys. B 546, 96 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9804058]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[23] [22]

J. Maldacena, and H. Ooguri, “Strings in AdS3 and the SL(2,R ) WZW model. III: Correlation functions,” Phys. Rev. D 65, 106006 (2002), [arXiv:hep-th/0111180]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002

[24] [23]

P. Breitenlohner and D. Z. Freedman, “Positive Energy In Anti- De Sitter Backgrounds And Gauged Extended Supergravity,” Phys. Lett. B 115, 197 (1982); P. Breitenlohner and D. Z. Freedman, “Stability In Gauged Extende d Supergravity,” Annals Phys. 144, 249 (1982)

View on Pith 1982

[25] [24]

O. DeWolfe, D. Z. Freedman, S. S. Gubser, G. T. Horowitz and I . Mitra, “Stability of AdSp ×Mq compactiﬁcations without supersymmetry,” to appear in Phys. Rev . D, [arXiv:hep-th/0105047]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[26] [25]

V. Kac, “Representations of classical Lie superalgebras”, Le cture Notes in Math 676 (1978), 597-626, Springer Verlag; V. Kac, “Highest weight representations of conformal current a lgebras,” in Symposium on topological methods in ﬁeld theory, World Sci, 1986 3-15

View on Pith 1978

[27] [26]

D. Z. Freedman and H. Nicolai, “Multiplet Shortening In Osp(N—4) ,” Nucl. Phys. B 237, 342 (1984)

View on Pith 1984

[28] [28]

S. J. Gates, “Superspace Formulation Of New Nonlinear Sigma Mo dels,” Nucl. Phys. B 238, 349 (1984)

View on Pith 1984

[29] [29]

S.J. Gates, M. T. Grisaru, M. Roˇ cek and W. Seigel, “Superspac e, or one thousand lessons in supersymmetry,” Reading: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing C o., Inc. (1983) [arXiv:hep-th/0108200]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1983

[30] [30]

E. A. Mirabelli and M. E. Peskin, “Transmission of supersymmetr y breaking from a 4-dimensional boundary,” Phys. Rev. D 58, 065002 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9712214]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[31] [31]

P. Horava and E. Witten, “Heterotic and type I string dynamics from eleven dimensions,” Nucl. Phys. B 460, 506 (1996) [arXiv:hep-th/9510209]; 47 P. Horava and E. Witten, “Eleven-Dimensional Supergravity on a Ma nifold with Boundary,” Nucl. Phys. B 475, 94 (1996) [arXiv:hep-th/9603142]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1996

[32] [32]

H. Georgi, A. K. Grant and G. Hailu, “Brane couplings from bulk loo ps,” Phys. Lett. B 506, 207 (2001) [arXiv:hep-ph/0012379]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001

[33] [33]

W. D. Goldberger and M. B. Wise, “Renormalization group ﬂows fo r brane couplings,” arXiv:hep-th/0104170

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[34] [34]

A. N. Redlich,“Gauge Noninvariance And Parity Violation Of Three- Dimensional Fermions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 18 (1984); A. N. Redlich, “Parity Violation And Gauge Noninvariance Of The Eﬀect ive Gauge Field Action In Three-Dimensions,” Phys. Rev. D 29, 2366 (1984); L. Alvarez-Gaume and E. Witten, “Gravitational Anomalies,” Nucl. Ph ys. B 234, 269 (1984)

View on Pith 1984

[35] [35]

D. Z. Freedman, K. Johnson and J. I. Latorre, “Diﬀerential r egularization and renormalization: A New method of calculation in quantum ﬁeld theory,” Nucl. Phys. B 371, 353 (1992). 48

View on Pith 1992